Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.
Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2021 Oct;27(10):543-558. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2021.0158.
Cell delivery through spray instruments is a promising and effective method in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It is used for treating different acute and chronic wounds, including burns with different etiologies, chronic diabetic or venous wounds, postcancer surgery, and hypopigmentation disorders. Cell spray can decrease the needed donor site area compared with conventional autologous skin grafting. Keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells are promising cell sources for cell spray procedures. Different spray instruments are designed and utilized to deliver the cells to the intended skin area. In an efficient spray instrument, cell viability and wound coverage are two determining parameters influenced by various physical and biological factors such as air pressure, spraying distance, viscosity of suspension, stiffness of the wound surface, and velocity of impact. Besides, to improve cell delivery by spray instruments, some matrices and growth factors can be added to cell suspensions. This review focuses on the different types of cells and spray instruments used in cell delivery procedures. It also discusses physical and biological parameters associated with cell viability and wound coverage in spray instruments. Moreover, the recent advances in codelivery of cells with biological glues and growth factors, as well as clinical translation of cell spraying, have been reviewed. Impact statement Skin wounds are a group of prevalent injuries that can lead to life-threatening complexities. As a focus of interest, stem cell therapy and spray-based cell delivery have effectively decreased associated morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes a broad scope of recent evidence related to spray-based cell therapy, instruments, and approaches adopted to make the process more efficient in treating skin wounds. An overview including utilized cell types, clinical cases, and current challenges is also provided.
细胞喷雾输送是组织工程和再生医学中一种很有前途和有效的方法。它被用于治疗不同的急性和慢性伤口，包括不同病因的烧伤、慢性糖尿病或静脉伤口、癌症手术后和色素减退障碍。与传统的自体皮肤移植相比，细胞喷雾可以减少所需的供体部位面积。角朊细胞、成纤维细胞、黑素细胞和间充质干细胞是细胞喷雾程序中很有前途的细胞来源。不同的喷雾仪器被设计并用于将细胞输送到预期的皮肤区域。在高效的喷雾仪器中，细胞活力和伤口覆盖是两个由多种物理和生物学因素决定的参数，如气压、喷雾距离、悬浮液的粘度、伤口表面的硬度和撞击速度。此外，为了提高喷雾仪器中的细胞输送效率，可以向细胞悬浮液中添加一些基质和生长因子。本文综述了细胞输送程序中使用的不同类型的细胞和喷雾仪器。还讨论了与喷雾仪器中的细胞活力和伤口覆盖相关的物理和生物学参数。此外，还综述了细胞与生物胶和生长因子的共输送的最新进展，以及细胞喷雾的临床转化。
影响描述皮肤伤口是一组常见的损伤，可导致危及生命的并发症。作为关注的焦点，干细胞疗法和基于喷雾的细胞输送有效地降低了相关的发病率和死亡率。本文综述了与基于喷雾的细胞疗法、仪器和采用的方法相关的广泛的最新证据，以提高治疗皮肤伤口的效率。还提供了包括使用的细胞类型、临床病例和当前挑战的概述。
