Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T 9406, Lyon, France.
Laboratory of Accidentology and Biomechanics, LAB PSA Peugeot-Citroen Renault, Nanterre, France.
PLoS One. 2021 Sep 20;16(9):e0257292. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257292. eCollection 2021.
Current highly automated vehicle concepts include reclined seat layouts that could allow occupants to relax during the drive. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of seat pan and pelvis angles on the kinematics and injury risk of a reclined occupant by numerical simulation of a frontal sled test. The occupant, represented by a detailed 50th percentile male human body model, was positioned on a semi-rigid seat. Three seat pan angles (5, 15, and 25 degrees from the horizontal) were used, all with a seatback angle of 40 degrees from the vertical. Three pelvis angles (60, 70, and 80 degrees from the vertical), representing a nominal and two relaxed sitting positions, were used for each seat pan angle. The model was restrained using a pre-inflated airbag and a three-point seatbelt equipped with a pretensioner and a load limiter before being subjected to two frontal crash pulses. Both model kinematic response and predicted injury risk were affected by the seat pan and the pelvis angles in a reclined seatback position. Submarining occurrence and injury risk increased with lower seat pan angle, higher pelvis angle, and acceleration pulse severity. In some cases (in particular for a 15 degrees seat pan), a small variation in seat pan or pelvis angle resulted in large differences in terms of kinematics and predicted injury. This study highlights the potential effects of the seat pan and pelvis angles for reclined occupant protection. These parameters should be assessed experimentally with volunteers to determine which combinations are most likely to be adopted for comfort and with post mortem human surrogates to confirm their significance during impact and to provide data for model validation. The sled and restraint models used in this study are provided under an open-source license to facilitate further comparisons.
当前高度自动化的车辆概念包括可让乘客在驾驶过程中放松的躺卧座椅布局。本研究的主要目的是通过正面碰撞台车试验的数值模拟，研究座椅底座和骨盆角度对躺卧乘客运动学和受伤风险的影响。使用详细的 50 百分位男性人体模型代表乘客，放置在半刚性座椅上。使用三个座椅底座角度（相对于水平方向为 5、15 和 25 度），所有座椅靠背角度均为 40 度相对于垂直方向。对于每个座椅底座角度，使用三个骨盆角度（相对于垂直方向为 60、70 和 80 度），代表一个标准和两个放松的坐姿位置。在受到两个正面碰撞脉冲之前，使用预充气安全气囊和配备预紧器和限载器的三点式安全带对模型进行约束。模型的运动学响应和预测的受伤风险都受到躺卧座椅靠背位置中座椅底座和骨盆角度的影响。潜泳的发生和受伤风险随着座椅底座角度的降低、骨盆角度的升高和加速度脉冲严重程度的增加而增加。在某些情况下（特别是对于 15 度的座椅底座），座椅底座或骨盆角度的微小变化会导致运动学和预测受伤方面的巨大差异。本研究强调了座椅底座和骨盆角度对躺卧乘客保护的潜在影响。这些参数应通过志愿者进行实验评估，以确定哪些组合最有可能因舒适性而被采用，并通过尸体人类替代物进行评估，以确认它们在碰撞过程中的重要性，并为模型验证提供数据。本研究中使用的台车和约束模型以开源许可证提供，以方便进一步比较。
