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人体测量变量和座椅高度对带离合器的汽车驾驶员首选姿势的影响。

Effects of Anthropometric Variables and Seat Height on Automobile Drivers' Preferred Posture With the Presence of the Clutch.

机构信息

PSA Peugeot-Citroën, Sochaux, France.

Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France.

出版信息

Hum Factors. 2018 Mar;60(2):172-190. doi: 10.1177/0018720817741040. Epub 2017 Dec 1.

Abstract

Objective The effects of seat height and anthropometric dimensions on drivers' preferred postures were investigated using a multiadjustable vehicle mock-up with a large number of adjustments and extended ranges. Background Many studies have been conducted on preferred driving posture under different test conditions showing mixed and even contradictory findings. No studies thus far have considered the clutch and compared Chinese and European drivers. Method Four seat height conditions were tested: free and three imposed heights (250, 300, and 350 mm). Sixty-one subjects (40 French-born and 21 Chinese-born) participated in the experiment, covering a large range of stature and sitting height-to-stature ratio. The RAMSIS kinematic model was used to reconstruct postures, and main intersegmental angles were extracted for characterizing posture. Results Under the free seat height condition, no significant differences in preferred intersegmental angles were observed between different participant groups. Seat height mainly affected trunk-thigh angle, whereas it had almost no effect on trunk orientation and other intersegmental angles. Chinese participants sat more forward in the seat, leading to a more opened trunk-thigh angle and a more reclined trunk. Conclusions Results suggest that intersegmental angles of preferred posture are not dependent on anthropometric dimensions, although shorter drivers prefer a slightly less reclined trunk. Self-selected driving posture results from a compromise between maintaining the intersegmental angles in one's preferred range and a preferred trunk orientation in space. Applications The findings contribute to a better understanding of preferred driving postures and would be helpful for improving vehicle interior design.

摘要

目的 使用具有大量调节功能和扩展范围的多调节车辆模型,研究座椅高度和人体测量尺寸对驾驶员首选姿势的影响。

背景 许多研究已经在不同的测试条件下进行了对首选驾驶姿势的研究,结果显示出混合的,甚至是相互矛盾的发现。迄今为止,尚无研究考虑离合器,并比较了中西方驾驶员。

方法 测试了四个座椅高度条件:自由和三个强制高度(250、300 和 350mm)。61 名受试者(40 名法国人出生和 21 名中国人出生)参加了实验,涵盖了较大的身高和坐姿身高比范围。使用 RAMSIS 运动学模型重建姿势,并提取主要的节段间角度来描述姿势。

结果 在自由座椅高度条件下,不同参与者群体之间的首选节段间角度没有显著差异。座椅高度主要影响躯干-大腿角度,而对躯干方向和其他节段间角度几乎没有影响。中国参与者在座椅上坐得更靠前,导致躯干-大腿角度更张开,躯干更向后倾斜。

结论 结果表明,首选姿势的节段间角度不依赖于人体测量尺寸,尽管矮个子驾驶员更喜欢稍微不向后倾斜的躯干。自选驾驶姿势是在保持节段间角度在首选范围内和在空间中保持首选躯干方向之间的妥协。

应用 研究结果有助于更好地理解首选驾驶姿势,并有助于改进车辆内部设计。

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