School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jan;287(Pt 3):132259. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132259. Epub 2021 Sep 14.
Constructed wetland is considered a promising approach for water remediation due to its high efficiency, low operation costs, and ecological benefits, but the large amounts of wetland plant biomass need to be properly harvested and utilized. Recently, wetland plant derived biochar has drawn extensive attention owing to its application potential. This paper provides an updated review on the production and characteristics of wetland plant derived biochar, and its utilization in soil improvement, carbon sequestration, environmental remediation, and energy production. In comparison to hydrothermal carbonization and gasification, pyrolysis is a more common technique to convert wetland plant to biochar. Characteristics of wetland plant biochars varied with plant species, growth environment of plant, and preparation conditions. Wetland plant biochar could be a qualified soil amendment owing to its abundant nutrients. Notably, wetland plant biochar exhibited considerable sorption capacity for various inorganic and organic contaminants. However, the potentially toxic substances (e.g. heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) retained in wetland plant biochar should be noticed before large-scale application. To overcome the drawbacks from the scattered distribution, limited productivity, and seasonal operation of constructed wetlands, the economic feasibility of wetland plant biochar production system could be improved via using mobile pyrolysis unit, utilizing local waste heat, and exploiting all the byproducts. Future challenges in the production and application of wetland plant derived biochar include the continuous supply of feedstock and proper handling of potentially hazardous components in the biochar.
人工湿地被认为是一种很有前途的水修复方法，因为它具有高效、低成本和生态效益，但大量的湿地植物生物质需要妥善收获和利用。最近，由于其潜在的应用价值，湿地植物衍生生物炭引起了广泛关注。本文对湿地植物衍生生物炭的生产和特性及其在土壤改良、碳封存、环境修复和能源生产中的应用进行了更新综述。与水热碳化和气化相比，热解是一种更常见的将湿地植物转化为生物炭的技术。湿地植物生物炭的特性因植物种类、植物生长环境和制备条件而异。湿地植物生物炭由于其丰富的养分，可以作为一种合格的土壤改良剂。值得注意的是，湿地植物生物炭对各种无机和有机污染物表现出相当大的吸附能力。然而，在大规模应用之前，应该注意湿地植物生物炭中保留的潜在有毒物质（如重金属和多环芳烃）。为了克服人工湿地分布分散、生产力有限和季节性运行的缺点，可以通过使用移动热解装置、利用当地余热和开发所有副产品来提高湿地植物生物炭生产系统的经济可行性。湿地植物衍生生物炭生产和应用的未来挑战包括不断供应原料和妥善处理生物炭中潜在危险成分。
