评估伊朗北部的食品化学和微生物质量。

Evaluation of chemical and microbial quality of food in northern Iran.

机构信息

Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Health Services Management, Environmental Health Engineering, Health Department, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

出版信息

J Health Popul Nutr. 2021 Sep 20;40(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s41043-021-00266-7.

DOI:10.1186/s41043-021-00266-7

PMID:34544487

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8454172/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Iran is one of the developing countries and foodborne diseases commonly impose problems for public health, the health care system and the economy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical and microbial quality of food in northern Iran.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. This study was performed on food samples obtained in a straightforward way while visiting food preparation and distribution centers in Babol. Tests related to different food types were performed by laboratory experts. Data collection with a checklist: date and place of sampling, number of samples, type of food, type of test, compliance of results with standards. Data were analyzed by SPSS and descriptive statistics, Chi-square and t-test.

RESULTS

1043 food samples were tested from 5 groups of dairy products, protein, cereals, vegetables and other food groups. The highest number of samples in the cereal group was 767 samples (73.53%). In the cereal group, most samples were breads. The pH of 11.67% of breads and the salt in 21.49% of breads did not match the standard. The blankit (sodium hydrosulfite) on bread dough were negative. Moisture, gluten, ash and pH match with the standards in all flour samples. The results of microbial tests on sweets and ice cream showed that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were negative. Enterobacter aerogenes was positive in 8.20% of sweets, mold and yeast were positive in 19.58%. The results of microbial tests on buttermilk and yogurt, grilled meat and chicken sandwiches, vegetables and salads showed that bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and all microorganisms were negative. Mold tests were positive in 11.12% of juice samples.

CONCLUSIONS

The results showed that the foods and drinks supplied in food and drink preparation and distribution centers in Babol in 2019 were of good chemical and microbial quality. In some food groups the results of microbial and chemical testings were negative, i.e. without contamination. Less than 20% of products in the group of cereals and protein products did not match with the standards, which is a satisfactory result compared to other studies conducted in different cities of Iran. These good results for food quality can be explained bythe constructive performance of food health experts that made good controling, monitoring, and food health and hygiene education.

摘要

背景

伊朗是发展中国家之一，食源性疾病普遍对公共卫生、医疗保健系统和经济造成问题。因此，本研究旨在评估伊朗北部食品的化学和微生物质量。

方法

这是一项 2019 年进行的横断面研究。本研究通过直接访问布尔巴饮食品制备和分发中心来获取食品样本，对不同类型的食品进行实验室专家相关测试。使用检查表收集数据：采样日期和地点、样本数量、食品类型、测试类型、结果与标准的符合情况。使用 SPSS 进行数据分析，采用描述性统计、卡方检验和 t 检验。

结果

从乳制品、蛋白质、谷物、蔬菜和其他食品组 5 组中测试了 1043 个食品样本。谷物组的样本数量最多，为 767 个（73.53%）。在谷物组中，面包的样本数量最多。11.67%面包的 pH 值和 21.49%面包的盐含量不符合标准。面包面团中的吊白块（亚硫酸氢钠）呈阴性。所有面粉样本的水分、面筋、灰分和 pH 值均符合标准。甜食和冰淇淋的微生物测试结果表明，大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌均呈阴性。8.20%的甜食中肠杆菌属呈阳性，19.58%的甜食中霉菌和酵母呈阳性。白脱牛奶和酸奶、烤肉和鸡肉三明治、蔬菜和沙拉的微生物测试结果表明，细菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和所有微生物均呈阴性。11.12%的果汁样本霉菌检测呈阳性。

结论

结果表明，2019 年布尔巴饮食品制备和分发中心供应的食品和饮料具有良好的化学和微生物质量。在一些食品组中，微生物和化学测试结果呈阴性，即没有污染。谷物组和蛋白质产品组中不到 20%的产品不符合标准，与伊朗其他城市进行的其他研究相比，这是一个令人满意的结果。这些良好的食品质量结果可以通过食品健康专家的建设性表现来解释，他们进行了良好的控制、监测以及食品健康和卫生教育。