Keyes J W, Thrall J H, Carey J E
Semin Nucl Med. 1978 Jan;8(1):43-57. doi: 10.1016/s0001-2998(78)80006-3.
Radionuclide thyroid studies, although among the oldest of clinical nuclear medicine procedures, continue to show growth and change. In the 7 years since thyroid studies were last reviewed in the Seminars, there have been marked changes in the preferred ways of doing these studies. In the areas of radiopharmaceuticals, 131I remains a useful agent in selected circumstances, but 99mTc-pertechnetate has become the agent of choice for imaging applications. Iodine-123 represents an exciting possibility for the future if problems in cost and radiopurity can be solved. New data on the dosimetry of the various agents allow for more rational choices among them, and useful guidelines can now be given for the use of these radiopharmaceuticals in problem areas such as pregnancy, nursing, and the pediatric age group. The scintillation camera with a pinhole collimator has become the instrument of choice for thyroid imaging, and the use of computers and the availability of systems for fluorescent scanning have added new possibilities for thyroid evaluation. Ancillary techniques such as ultrasound scanning also offer the possibility of improved diagnostic accuracy. These developments are reviewed in the context of clinical studies, together with a discussion of specific clinical applications and a brief look to the future.
放射性核素甲状腺检查，尽管是临床核医学中最古老的检查方法之一，但仍在不断发展和变化。自从《研讨会》上次对甲状腺检查进行综述以来的7年里，进行这些检查的首选方法有了显著变化。在放射性药物领域，131I在某些特定情况下仍然是一种有用的药物，但99mTc-高锝酸盐已成为成像应用的首选药物。如果成本和放射性纯度问题能够得到解决，碘-123对未来来说是一个令人兴奋的可能性。关于各种药物剂量学的新数据使得在它们之间能够做出更合理的选择，现在可以为这些放射性药物在怀孕、哺乳和儿童年龄组等问题领域的使用提供有用的指导方针。带有针孔准直器的闪烁相机已成为甲状腺成像的首选仪器，计算机的使用以及荧光扫描系统的可用性为甲状腺评估增添了新的可能性。辅助技术如超声扫描也提供了提高诊断准确性的可能性。本文结合临床研究对这些进展进行了综述，并讨论了具体的临床应用，还简要展望了未来。
