Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden -
Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2022 Aug;62(8):1037-1044. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12549-6. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
Apnea training enhances bradycardia and improves competitive apnea performance and has been proposed as a training method for other sports, such as swimming. We evaluated the effects of apneic underwater swimming, i.e., dynamic apnea (DYN), in 9 competitive swimmers (TR) who completed ten DYN sessions over 2 weeks.
TR performed pre- and post-training tests including a static apnea test with continuous heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation measurements, all-out 50m and 100m freestyle tests and an all-out DYN test. Control groups were competitive swimmers (SC; N.=10) that trained swimming without DYN, and a non-swimmer group (AC; N.=10) performing only static apnea tests.
Post-training, TR mean±SD time for 50 m freestyle improved from 25.51±2.01 s to 24.64±2.02 s (P<0.01) and for 100m from 55.5±4.2 s to 54.1±4.4 s (P<0.05). SC also improved their 100m time from 56.7±3.3 s to 56.0±3.1 s (P<0.01; P=0.07 between groups). Only TR performed DYN tests; DYN distance increased from 62.1±11.5 m to 70.9±18.9 m (P<0.05) while DYN speed decreased from 0.74±0.14m/s to 0.64±0.18 m/s (P<0.01). Static apnea duration did not change in any of the groups, but HR-reduction was enhanced post-training only in TR (24.8±14.8% to 31.1±10.9%, P<0.01; P<0.001 between groups).
We conclude that 2 weeks of DYN training enhanced DYN performance, which may be caused by the enhanced apnea-induced diving bradycardia. Further research is required to determine whether DYN training enhances short distance freestyle swimming performance.
呼吸暂停训练可增强心动过缓，并改善竞技性呼吸暂停表现，并且已被提议作为游泳等其他运动的训练方法。我们评估了在 9 名竞技游泳运动员（TR）中进行呼吸暂停水下游泳，即动态呼吸暂停（DYN）的效果，他们在 2 周内完成了 10 次 DYN 训练。
TR 在训练前后进行了测试，包括静态呼吸暂停测试，连续测量心率（HR）和外周血氧饱和度，50m 和 100m 自由泳的全力测试以及全力 DYN 测试。对照组为不进行 DYN 训练的竞技游泳运动员（SC；N.=10）和仅进行静态呼吸暂停测试的非游泳运动员组（AC；N.=10）。
TR 组在 50m 自由泳中的平均时间从 25.51±2.01 秒提高到 24.64±2.02 秒（P<0.01），100m 自由泳的平均时间从 55.5±4.2 秒提高到 54.1±4.4 秒（P<0.05）。SC 组的 100m 时间也从 56.7±3.3 秒提高到 56.0±3.1 秒（P<0.01；组间 P=0.07）。只有 TR 进行了 DYN 测试；DYN 距离从 62.1±11.5 米增加到 70.9±18.9 米（P<0.05），而 DYN 速度从 0.74±0.14m/s 降低到 0.64±0.18 m/s（P<0.01）。在任何一组中，静态呼吸暂停时间都没有改变，但只有 TR 组在训练后 HR 降低得到增强（24.8±14.8%至 31.1±10.9%，P<0.01；组间 P<0.001）。
我们的结论是，2 周的 DYN 训练增强了 DYN 表现，这可能是由于呼吸暂停引起的潜水心动过缓增强所致。需要进一步研究以确定 DYN 训练是否可以提高短距离自由泳表现。
