Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College.
Department of Psychology, Yale University.
J Comp Psychol. 2021 Aug;135(3):370-381. doi: 10.1037/com0000233.
It has been suggested that over the course of domestication, dogs developed the propensity to "look back" or gaze at humans when they encounter a challenging task. Unfortunately, little work to date has addressed the question of why dogs look back. To explore this issue, we conducted 3 experiments in which dogs had the option of doing something other than looking back at their owner when encountering an unsolvable task. In Experiments 1 and 2, dogs could look back or attempt an alternative puzzle. In both experiments, dogs attempted the alternative puzzle prior to looking back. In Experiment 3, when dogs encountered the unsolvable task, they could look back or attempt to solve the same puzzle using an alternate approach. As in Experiments 1 and 2, dogs attempted the alternate approach prior to looking back. Although some scholars have suggested that dogs may look back because they are overly reliant on humans, our findings suggest that dogs may instead prioritize independent exploration over looking back. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
有人认为，在驯化过程中，狗在遇到具有挑战性的任务时会产生“回头看”或注视人类的倾向。不幸的是，迄今为止，很少有研究解决狗为什么会回头看的问题。为了探讨这个问题，我们进行了 3 项实验，在这些实验中，当狗遇到无法解决的任务时，它们可以选择不回头看它们的主人，而做其他事情。在实验 1 和实验 2 中，狗可以回头看或尝试其他拼图。在这两个实验中，狗都在回头看之前尝试了其他拼图。在实验 3 中，当狗遇到无法解决的任务时，它们可以回头看，也可以尝试用另一种方法解决相同的拼图。与实验 1 和实验 2 一样，狗在回头看之前先尝试了另一种方法。尽管一些学者认为狗可能会回头看，因为它们过于依赖人类，但我们的研究结果表明，狗可能更倾向于独立探索而不是回头看。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
