Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary.
Department of Botany, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary.
Biol Futur. 2020 Jun;71(1-2):53-68. doi: 10.1007/s42977-020-00011-x. Epub 2020 May 15.
The vast majority of floristical and coenological studies focus on the natural vegetation and its remnants in urban environments; however, there is an increasing interest in the systematic exploration of built environments. This survey of the inhabited areas of Budapest launched in 2018 applied a new and detailed methodology. The territorial units of the survey were street sections, where the presence of vascular plants was recorded in ecologically different habitats separately. We laid down the foundations to establish new habitat categories for the habitat classification and mapping of urban ecosystems using a different approach than the Hungarian habitat classification system (ÁNÉR). The method enables us to study the flora of urban ecosystems in detail. We established 18 urban habitat categories, surveyed more than 27,000 survey units and registered 647 spontaneously growing plant species in Budapest. Our survey evinced the spontaneous occurrence of 193 alien species in Budapest, 81 of them are data deficient, while 10 of them are new introductions in Hungary. 53.9% of the aliens are cultivated frequently in Hungary.
绝大多数植物区系和群落生态学研究都集中在城市环境中的自然植被及其残余物上；然而，人们对系统探索建筑环境的兴趣日益增加。这项始于 2018 年的布达佩斯有人居住地区调查采用了一种新的详细方法。调查的地域单位是街道部分，在这里分别记录了不同生态环境中血管植物的存在。我们为城市生态系统的栖息地分类和制图奠定了基础，采用了不同于匈牙利栖息地分类系统（ÁNÉR）的新方法来建立新的栖息地类别。该方法使我们能够详细研究城市生态系统的植物区系。我们确定了 18 个城市栖息地类别，调查了超过 27000 个调查单元，并在布达佩斯登记了 647 种自然生长的植物。我们的调查显示，布达佩斯有 193 种外来物种自然发生，其中 81 种数据不足，10 种是匈牙利的新引入种。53.9%的外来物种在匈牙利被频繁种植。
