Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(36):3762-3774. doi: 10.2174/1381612827666210719104950.
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has been largely underdiagnosed and undertreated due to the lack of concrete definitions, validated assessment methods and efficient treatments. However, during the last few decades, there has been great progress in the clinical management and research of FSD.
The purpose of this review is to describe the pathophysiology of FSD, report the prevalence of the disease in the setting of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and disease, and review current and under investigation treatment options.
A comprehensive review was performed to identify studies examining the association of FSD with CV risk factors and/or disease, as well studies reporting relevant management options.
The prevalence of FSD is increased in the general population (approximately 40%) and is significantly higher in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. In patients with overt CV disease, FSD is even more prevalent (up to 90%). The cause of FSD is multifactorial and includes a variety of vascular, hormonal, interpersonal and psychological factors, which are all intertwined. Several treatment options exist that are efficient in improving female sexual function, while a cluster of other options has been shown to offer benefits.
FSD is a major public health problem with great impact on the patients' quality of life. In the setting of increased CV burden, FSD is even more prevalent. Increased awareness is needed for the physician to establish a trustful environment with the patient, discuss such issues, and offer proper management options.
由于缺乏具体的定义、经过验证的评估方法和有效的治疗方法，女性性功能障碍（FSD）的诊断和治疗一直存在很大的不足。然而，在过去几十年中，FSD 的临床管理和研究取得了重大进展。
本综述旨在描述 FSD 的病理生理学，报告心血管（CV）危险因素和疾病背景下该病的流行情况，并回顾当前和正在研究的治疗选择。
进行了全面的文献回顾，以确定研究 FSD 与 CV 危险因素和/或疾病之间关联的研究，以及报告相关管理选择的研究。
FSD 在普通人群中的患病率较高（约为 40%），在高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患者中更为常见。在有明显 CV 疾病的患者中，FSD 的患病率甚至更高（高达 90%）。FSD 的病因是多因素的，包括多种血管、激素、人际关系和心理因素，这些因素相互交织。有几种治疗方法可以有效地改善女性的性功能，而还有一组其他的方法已经被证明是有益的。
FSD 是一个重大的公共卫生问题，对患者的生活质量有重大影响。在 CV 负担增加的情况下，FSD 的患病率更高。医生需要提高认识，与患者建立信任的环境，讨论这些问题，并提供适当的治疗选择。
