Trape J F, Zoulani A
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie Médicale, Centre ORSTOM de Brazzaville, République Populaire du Congo.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81 Suppl 2:19-25. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(87)90473-1.
The authors present a map of malaria transmission intensity in Brazzaville from which they analyse the impact of urbanization on anopheline density and transmission of malaria. Whereas at first each new human settlement promotes the introduction or the proliferation of A. gambiae, the major vector of malaria in Central Africa, urban growth later proves to be unfavourable to this vector. Apart from the canalization of surface water and improvement in sanitation, it is the increase in population density which seems, by its direct or indirect consequences in urban areas, to determine the decrease in malaria transmission intensity. By favouring the absorption of the last remaining open spaces and by the accompanying domestic pollution, urbanization tends to eliminate an increasing number of A. gambiae breeding places; by limiting the dispersion of anopheles from breeding sites, it tends to focus malaria transmission and by thinning out the subsisting anopheline population among a denser human population, it tends to reduce the degree of exposure of each person.
作者展示了布拉柴维尔的疟疾传播强度地图，并据此分析城市化对按蚊密度和疟疾传播的影响。起初，每一个新的人类住区都会促使非洲中部疟疾的主要传播媒介冈比亚按蚊的引入或繁殖，但后来城市发展证明对这种媒介不利。除了地表水的沟渠化和卫生条件的改善外，似乎是人口密度的增加，通过其在城市地区的直接或间接影响，决定了疟疾传播强度的降低。城市化通过促进对最后剩余开放空间的占用以及随之而来的家庭污染，往往会消除越来越多的冈比亚按蚊繁殖地；通过限制按蚊从繁殖地的扩散，它往往会使疟疾传播集中化，并且通过在更密集的人口中使现存按蚊种群变稀疏，它往往会降低每个人的接触程度。
