Departamento de Patología y Medicina Oral Universidad Andres Bello Postcode: 2520000. Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2022 Jan 1;27(1):e77-e84. doi: 10.4317/medoral.24975.
MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have been associated with malignant transformation of oral epithelial precursor lesions such as oral leukoplakia. The aim was to perform a scoping review of the contemporary literature about the different roles of miRNAs during the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.
We conducted a systematic search with the following MeSH terms: 'oral leukoplakia', 'carcinoma in situ', 'microRNAs', 'mouth neoplasms' and 'epithelial-mesenchymal transition' in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and SpringerLink.
Fifteen articles were included for analysis, among which in vivo and in vitro articles were included. A total of 21 different miRNAs were found to be involved in the malignant transformation process of oral leukoplakia. Regarding their possible effects, 6 miRNAs were classified as oncogenic, 5 as tumour suppressors and 10 were related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration.
Based on the current review, we concluded that miRNAs-21, 345, 181-b and 31* seem to be potential markers of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. However, further clinical prospective studies are needed in order to validate their utility as prognostic biomarkers.
miRNAs 是一种小的非编码 RNA，可在转录后水平调节基因表达，与口腔上皮前体病变（如口腔白斑病）的恶性转化有关。本研究旨在对 miRNA 在口腔白斑病恶性转化过程中的不同作用的当代文献进行系统评价。
我们在 PubMed/MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 SpringerLink 中使用以下 MeSH 术语进行了系统检索：“口腔白斑病”、“原位癌”、“microRNAs”、“口腔肿瘤”和“上皮-间充质转化”。
共纳入 15 篇文章进行分析，其中包括体内和体外研究。总共发现 21 种不同的 miRNA 参与了口腔白斑病的恶性转化过程。关于它们可能的作用，有 6 种 miRNA 被归类为致癌 miRNA，5 种为肿瘤抑制 miRNA，10 种与上皮-间充质转化、侵袭和迁移有关。
基于本综述，我们得出结论，miR-21、345、181-b 和 31*似乎是口腔白斑病恶性转化的潜在标志物。然而，需要进一步的临床前瞻性研究来验证它们作为预后生物标志物的效用。
