Division of Plant Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.
School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.
Plant Dis. 2022 Jan;106(1):46-56. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-21-0399-RE. Epub 2022 Jan 20.
Many spp. are causal agents of diseases of turfgrasses. spp. disseminate through irrigation systems in agricultural settings, and this study provides evidence that spp. also disseminate through golf course irrigation. Water samples were collected from irrigation heads and water sources at 10 golf courses in Missouri and Kansas, U.S.A. Samples were collected from 2018 to 2019 in April, July, and October. Phosphorus, nitrogen, and chloride concentrations were measured from irrigation head samples to determine if these parameters influence frequency of spp. detected. spp. were detected in samples through baiting and membrane filtration. Cultures were isolated on PARP media, and DNA was extracted from putative isolates. The internal transcribed spacer region was PCR-amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using representative sample sequences, sequences from seven morphologically identified reference isolates of , and similar GenBank accessions. Detected oomycete species include , , , , , and . Twenty-one clades lacked species-level resolution, and 14 of these clades were associated with species. Clades A, C, D, E, I, and M contain species that cause root and crown rot on creeping bentgrass. Detected communities were dependent on the detection method used and sampling source. frequency and diversity were highest in April 2019. Sample temperature, sampling site, and chloride and nutrient concentrations did not influence frequency in samples. Irrigation systems using surface water sources contained at least three spp. over the course of 2 years.
许多种是草坪草病害的病原体。种通过农业环境中的灌溉系统传播，本研究证明种也通过高尔夫球场灌溉传播。从美国密苏里州和堪萨斯州的 10 个高尔夫球场的灌溉头和水源采集水样。2018 年至 2019 年，于 4 月、7 月和 10 月采集样本。从灌溉头样本中测量磷、氮和氯浓度，以确定这些参数是否影响种的检测频率。通过诱饵和膜过滤在样本中检测到种。将培养物在 PARP 培养基上分离，并从假定的种分离物中提取 DNA。对内部转录间隔区进行 PCR 扩增和测序。使用代表性样本序列、七种形态鉴定的参考种和类似的 GenBank 登录号构建系统发育树。检测到的卵菌物种包括、、、、、和。21 个分支缺乏种水平分辨率，其中 14 个分支与种有关。分支 A、C、D、E、I 和 M 包含引起匍匐翦股颖根和冠腐烂的种。检测到的种群落依赖于使用的检测方法和采样来源。2019 年 4 月种的频率和多样性最高。样本温度、采样地点、氯和养分浓度对样本中的种频率没有影响。使用地表水作为水源的灌溉系统在两年的时间里至少含有三种种。
