Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas, University of Oslo.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2022 Apr;48(4):569-582. doi: 10.1037/xlm0001082. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
While most research on scalar implicature has focused on the lexical scale "some" vs "all," here we investigated an understudied scale formed by two syntactic constructions: categorizations (e.g., "Wilma is a nurse") and comparisons ("Wilma is like a nurse"). An experimental study by Rubio-Fernandez et al. (2017) showed high rates of logical responses to superordinate comparisons, even though they are underinformative when interpreted pragmatically (e.g., "A robin is like a bird" implies that a robin is not a bird). Based on recent studies on enrichment priming, we predicted that including "some" and "all" statements (which typically elicit high rates of pragmatic responses) in sentence verification and sentence evaluation tasks would introduce an informativity bias, increasing pragmatic responses to superordinate comparisons. The results of three Web-based experiments supported our predictions, showing that different scalar expressions not only give rise to different rates of scalar implicatures, but can also affect the degree to which an experimental task elicits pragmatic reasoning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
虽然大多数关于标量蕴含的研究都集中在“一些”与“全部”这样的词汇标度上，但在这里，我们研究了一个由两个句法结构形成的研究不足的标度：分类（例如，“Wilma 是一名护士”）和比较（例如，“Wilma 像一名护士”）。Rubio-Fernandez 等人（2017）的一项实验研究表明，即使在从语用角度解释时信息量不足（例如，“A robin is like a bird（知更鸟像鸟）”意味着知更鸟不是鸟），人们对上级比较的逻辑反应率也很高。基于最近关于丰富启动的研究，我们预测，在句子验证和句子评价任务中包含“一些”和“全部”陈述（通常会引发高比例的语用反应）会引入信息量偏差，从而增加对上级比较的语用推理。三项基于网络的实验的结果支持了我们的预测，表明不同的标量表达式不仅会产生不同的标量蕴含率，还会影响实验任务引发语用推理的程度。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
