Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Jan 1;301:113807. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113807. Epub 2021 Sep 25.
Modified lignite and black coal (BC) are potential amendments for animal bedding to abate ammonia (NH) emissions due to their large adsorption capacities for ammoniacal nitrogen (N). However, the ability of modified lignite and BC in reducing NH volatilization from livestock manure and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study has investigated the effect of lignite, modified lignite, BC and modified BC on NH volatilization from cattle manure, biological immobilization of manure ammoniacal N and manure properties. Modified lignite and BC reduced the NH volatilization from manure by 44 and 36%, respectively, which were comparable with original lignite (43%). The biological immobilization of applied stable isotope labelled N in lignite, modified lignite, BC and modified BC amended manures was 15, 18, 11 and 16%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in unamended manure (4%, P < 0.001). In addition, NH-N concentrations of lignite, modified lignite and modified BC amended manures (7.0-7.3 mg g) were significantly higher than that of the unamended and original BC amended manures (3.3 and 4.8 mg g, respectively, P < 0.001). However, the manure pH in all treatments remained alkaline (pH > 8.2). Our results highlight that the adsorption and immobilization of manure ammoniacal N induced by amendments are the key drivers in reducing NH loss from manure, outweighing the pH effect. The findings of this study provide new insights into the mechanisms of coal amendments reducing NH loss from animal manure and their potential applications in intensive livestock systems.
改性褐煤和烟煤（BC）由于具有较大的氨氮（N）吸附能力，是减少氨（NH）排放的潜在动物垫料改良剂。然而，改性褐煤和 BC 减少牲畜粪便中 NH 挥发的能力及其潜在机制尚不清楚。本研究调查了褐煤、改性褐煤、BC 和改性 BC 对牛粪 NH 挥发、粪肥氨态氮生物固定和粪肥特性的影响。改性褐煤和 BC 分别减少了 44%和 36%的粪便 NH 挥发，与原褐煤（43%）相当。应用稳定同位素标记 N 在褐煤、改性褐煤、BC 和改性 BC 改良的粪肥中的生物固定率分别为 15%、18%、11%和 16%，显著高于未改良粪肥（4%，P<0.001）。此外，改良褐煤、改性褐煤和改性 BC 改良的粪肥中的 NH-N 浓度（7.0-7.3mg g）显著高于未改良和原 BC 改良的粪肥（分别为 3.3 和 4.8mg g，P<0.001）。然而，所有处理的粪肥 pH 仍保持碱性（pH>8.2）。我们的结果强调了改良剂引起的粪肥氨态氮的吸附和固定是减少粪肥 NH 损失的关键因素，超过了 pH 效应。本研究结果为煤改良剂减少动物粪便中 NH 损失的机制及其在集约化畜牧系统中的潜在应用提供了新的见解。
