Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Cells. 2021 Aug 24;10(9):2176. doi: 10.3390/cells10092176.
Cancer increases the global disease burden substantially, but it remains a challenge to manage it. The search for novel biomarkers is essential for risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of treatment response, and cancer monitoring. This paper examined NEDD8 ultimate buster-1 (NUB1) and F-adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) proteins as novel biomarkers in cancer. This literature review is based on the search of the electronic database, PubMed. NUB1 is an interferon-inducible protein that mediates apoptotic and anti-proliferative actions in cancer, while FAT10 is a ubiquitin-like modifier that promotes cancer. The upregulated expression of both NUB1 and FAT10 has been observed in various cancers. NUB1 protein binds to FAT10 non-covalently to promote FAT10 degradation. An overexpressed FAT10 stimulates nuclear factor-kappa β, activates the inflammatory pathways, and induces the proliferation of cancer. The FAT10 protein interacts with the mitotic arrest deficient 2 protein, causing chromosomal instability and breast tumourigenesis. FAT10 binds to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein and inhibits the DNA damage repair response. In addition, FAT10 involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, apoptosis, and multiplication in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our knowledge about them is still limited. There is a need to further develop NUB1 and FAT10 as novel biomarkers.
癌症大大增加了全球疾病负担，但对其进行管理仍然是一个挑战。寻找新的生物标志物对于风险评估、诊断、预后、治疗反应预测和癌症监测至关重要。本文研究了 NEDD8 终极破坏酶-1（NUB1）和 F 相邻转录物 10（FAT10）蛋白作为癌症的新型生物标志物。这篇文献综述是基于对电子数据库 PubMed 的搜索。NUB1 是一种干扰素诱导的蛋白，可介导癌症中的凋亡和抗增殖作用，而 FAT10 是一种促进癌症的泛素样修饰物。在各种癌症中观察到 NUB1 和 FAT10 的表达上调。NUB1 蛋白与 FAT10 非共价结合以促进 FAT10 降解。过表达的 FAT10 刺激核因子-κB，激活炎症途径，并诱导癌症增殖。FAT10 蛋白与有丝分裂阻滞缺陷 2 蛋白相互作用，导致染色体不稳定和乳腺癌发生。FAT10 与增殖细胞核抗原蛋白结合并抑制 DNA 损伤修复反应。此外，FAT10 参与肝癌中的上皮-间充质转化、浸润、凋亡和增殖。我们对它们的了解仍然有限。需要进一步开发 NUB1 和 FAT10 作为新型生物标志物。
