Three Active Phytotoxic Compounds from the Leaves of (Voigt.) King and Prain for the Development of Bioherbicides to Control Weeds.

The global population is increasing day by day. To meet the food demand for such a huge number of people, crop production must increase without damaging the environment, and to prevent synthetic chemical herbicides from polluting the environment, controlling weeds using bioherbicides is essential. Accordingly, using phytotoxic substances obtained from plants for biological weed management has attracted attention. The plant possesses phytotoxic compounds that have been previously recorded. Hence, we have conducted this research to characterize more phytotoxic compounds in . Aqueous methanolic extracts of plant significantly restricted the growth of the examined plants lettuce and Italian ryegrass in a species- and concentration-dependent manner. Three active phytotoxic compounds were isolated through various chromatographic methods and identified as compound , , and . Compound exhibited stronger phytotoxic potentials than the other two compounds and significantly suppressed the growth of (cress). The concentration of the compounds required for 50% growth reduction (I value) of the seedlings ranged between 0.0827 to 0.4133 mg/mL. The results suggest that these three phytotoxic compounds might contribute to the allelopathic potential of .