Lin Kenny T, Wang Athena, Nguyen Alexandra B, Iyer Janaki, Tran Simon D
McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
Biomedicines. 2021 Sep 12;9(9):1203. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9091203.
With the prevalence of eye diseases, such as cataracts, retinal degenerative diseases, and glaucoma, different treatments including lens replacement, vitrectomy, and stem cell transplantation have been developed; however, they are not without their respective shortcomings. For example, current methods to seal corneal incisions induced by cataract surgery, such as suturing and stromal hydration, are less than ideal due to the potential for surgically induced astigmatism or wound leakage. Vitrectomy performed on patients with diabetic retinopathy requires an artificial vitreous substitute, with current offerings having many shortcomings such as retinal toxicity. The use of stem cells has also been investigated in retinal degenerative diseases; however, an optimal delivery system is required for successful transplantation. The incorporation of hydrogels into ocular therapy has been a critical focus in overcoming the limitations of current treatments. Previous reviews have extensively documented the use of hydrogels in drug delivery; thus, the goal of this review is to discuss recent advances in hydrogel technology in surgical applications, including dendrimer and gelatin-based hydrogels for ocular adhesives and a variety of different polymers for vitreous substitutes, as well as recent advances in hydrogel-based retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal progenitor cell (RPC) delivery to the retina.
随着白内障、视网膜退行性疾病和青光眼等眼部疾病的普遍存在，已经开发出了包括晶状体置换、玻璃体切除术和干细胞移植在内的不同治疗方法；然而，它们各自都有缺点。例如，目前用于封闭白内障手术引起的角膜切口的方法，如缝合和基质水合，由于手术引起散光或伤口渗漏的可能性，并不理想。对糖尿病性视网膜病变患者进行玻璃体切除术需要人工玻璃体替代物，目前的产品有许多缺点，如视网膜毒性。干细胞在视网膜退行性疾病中的应用也得到了研究；然而，成功移植需要一个最佳的递送系统。将水凝胶纳入眼部治疗一直是克服当前治疗局限性的关键焦点。以前的综述广泛记录了水凝胶在药物递送中的应用；因此，本综述的目的是讨论水凝胶技术在手术应用中的最新进展，包括用于眼部粘合剂的基于树枝状聚合物和明胶的水凝胶以及用于玻璃体替代物的各种不同聚合物，以及基于水凝胶的视网膜色素上皮（RPE）和视网膜祖细胞（RPC）递送至视网膜的最新进展。
