Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.
Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.
Macromol Biosci. 2021 Aug;21(8):e2100066. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202100066. Epub 2021 May 13.
Vitreo-retinal disorders constitute a significant portion of treatable ocular diseases. These pathologies often require vitreo-retinal surgery and, as a consequence, the use of vitreous substitutes. Nowadays, the vitreous substitutes that are used in clinical practice are mainly divided into gases (air, SF , C F , C F ) and liquids (perfluorocarbon liquids, silicone oils, and heavy silicone oils). There are specific advantages and drawbacks to each of these, which determine their clinical indications. However, developing the ideal biomaterial for vitreous substitution continues to be one of the most important challenges in ophthalmology, and a multidisciplinary approach is required. In this sense, recent research has focused on the development of biocompatible, biodegradable, and injectable hydrogels (natural, synthetic, and smart), which also act as medium and long-term internal tamponade agents. This comprehensive review aims to cover the main characteristics and indications for use of the extensive range of vitreous substitutes that are currently used in clinical practice, before going on to describe the hydrogels that have been developed recently and which have emerged as promising biomaterials for vitreous substitution.
玻璃体液视网膜疾病构成了可治疗眼部疾病的重要部分。这些病变通常需要玻璃体视网膜手术，因此需要使用玻璃体替代物。如今，临床上使用的玻璃体替代物主要分为气体（空气、SF6、C3F8、C2F6）和液体（全氟碳液体、硅油和重硅油）。每种物质都有其特定的优缺点，这决定了它们的临床适应证。然而，开发理想的玻璃体替代生物材料仍然是眼科学最重要的挑战之一，需要采用多学科方法。在这方面，最近的研究集中在开发具有生物相容性、可生物降解和可注射的水凝胶（天然、合成和智能）上，这些水凝胶还可以作为中长期的内部填塞剂。本综述旨在涵盖目前临床实践中广泛使用的玻璃体替代物的主要特性和适应证，然后描述最近开发的水凝胶，它们作为玻璃体替代的有前途的生物材料而出现。
