Filice Mariacristina, Imbrogno Sandra, Gattuso Alfonsina, Cerra Maria Carmela
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Aug 31;10(9):1401. doi: 10.3390/antiox10091401.
Teleost fish are often regarded with interest for the remarkable ability of several species to tolerate even dramatic stresses, either internal or external, as in the case of fluctuations in O availability and temperature regimes. These events are naturally experienced by many fish species under different time scales, but they are now exacerbated by growing environmental changes. This further challenges the intrinsic ability of animals to cope with stress. The heart is crucial for the stress response, since a proper modulation of the cardiac function allows blood perfusion to the whole organism, particularly to respiratory organs and the brain. In cardiac cells, key signalling pathways are activated for maintaining molecular equilibrium, thus improving stress tolerance. In fish, the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/nitric oxide (NO) system is fundamental for modulating the basal cardiac performance and is involved in the control of many adaptive responses to stress, including those related to variations in O and thermal regimes. In this review, we aim to illustrate, by integrating the classic and novel literature, the current knowledge on the NOS/NO system as a crucial component of the cardiac molecular mechanisms that sustain stress tolerance and adaptation, thus providing some species, such as tolerant cyprinids, with a high resistance to stress.
硬骨鱼常常因其某些物种具有非凡的能力而备受关注，这些物种能够耐受甚至是剧烈的压力，无论是内部压力还是外部压力，比如氧气供应和温度变化等情况。许多鱼类在不同的时间尺度下自然会经历这些情况，但现在环境变化日益加剧，这进一步挑战了动物应对压力的内在能力。心脏对于应激反应至关重要，因为心脏功能的适当调节能使血液灌注到整个机体，特别是呼吸器官和大脑。在心脏细胞中，关键信号通路被激活以维持分子平衡，从而提高应激耐受性。在鱼类中，一氧化氮合酶（NOS）/一氧化氮（NO）系统对于调节基础心脏功能至关重要，并参与控制许多对应激的适应性反应，包括与氧气和温度变化相关的反应。在这篇综述中，我们旨在通过整合经典文献和新文献，阐述关于NOS/NO系统的当前知识，该系统是维持应激耐受性和适应性的心脏分子机制的关键组成部分，从而为一些物种，如耐受性鲤科鱼类，提供高应激抗性。
