Kochman Joanna, Jakubczyk Karolina, Bargiel Piotr, Janda-Milczarek Katarzyna
Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 24 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
Clinic of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 2 Siedlecka Street, 72-010 Police, Poland.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Sep 10;10(9):1442. doi: 10.3390/antiox10091442.
Thyroid diseases, including neoplasms, autoimmune diseases and thyroid dysfunctions, are becoming a serious social problem with rapidly increasing prevalence. The latter is increasingly linked to oxidative stress. There are many methods for determining the biomarkers of oxidative stress, making it possible to evaluate the oxidative profile in patients with thyroid diseases compared to the healthy population. This opens up a new perspective for investigating the role of elevated parameters of oxidative stress and damage in people with thyroid diseases, especially of neoplastic nature. An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is observed at different stages and in different types of thyroid diseases. The organ, which is part of the endocrine system, uses free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) to produce hormones. Thyroid cells release enzymes that catalyse ROS generation; therefore, a key role is played by the internal defence system and non-enzymatic antioxidants that counteract excess ROS not utilised to produce thyroid hormones, acting as a buffer to neutralise free radicals and ensure whole-body homeostasis. An excess of free radicals causes structural cell damage, undermining genomic stability. Looking at the negative effects of ROS accumulation, oxidative stress appears to be implicated in both the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to investigate the oxidation background of thyroid diseases and to summarise the links between redox imbalance and thyroid dysfunction and disease.
甲状腺疾病，包括肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病和甲状腺功能障碍，正随着患病率的迅速上升而成为一个严重的社会问题。后者与氧化应激的联系日益紧密。有许多方法可用于测定氧化应激的生物标志物，从而能够将甲状腺疾病患者的氧化状态与健康人群进行比较评估。这为研究氧化应激参数升高及损伤在甲状腺疾病患者，尤其是肿瘤性甲状腺疾病患者中的作用开辟了新的视角。在不同阶段和不同类型的甲状腺疾病中均观察到氧化剂与抗氧化剂之间的失衡。作为内分泌系统一部分的甲状腺利用自由基（活性氧，ROS）来产生激素。甲状腺细胞会释放催化ROS生成的酶；因此，内部防御系统和非酶抗氧化剂起着关键作用，它们可抵消未用于产生甲状腺激素的过量ROS，起到中和自由基的缓冲作用并确保全身的稳态。自由基过量会导致细胞结构损伤，破坏基因组稳定性。鉴于ROS积累的负面影响，氧化应激似乎与致癌作用的起始和进展均有关联。本综述的目的是研究甲状腺疾病的氧化背景，并总结氧化还原失衡与甲状腺功能障碍及疾病之间的联系。
