Mooney M P, Siegel M I
Cleft Palate J. 1986 Apr;23(2):101-7.
An important factor in determining the bony morphology of the human nasal capsule is the area of the antero-inferior region of the cartilaginous septum at the level of the anterior nasal spine (ANS). Since man is unique among mammals and the primates in developing an anterior nasal spine, the present study was designed to learn more about ANS morphology and its developmental relationships to other midfacial structures. Since well documented racial differences exist in ANS morphology and facial prognathism between black and white populations, developmental osteologic data from these groups were used to examine premaxillary morphology. Cleaned and dried skulls from 93 black and 97 white specimens, ranging in age from 8 weeks prenatally to 8 years, were examined to assess ANS morphology and premaxillary-maxillary suture status. Chi-square analysis reveals that white specimens exhibit a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher frequency of fused or fusing premaxillary-maxillary sutures and a more prominant ANS compared to black specimens by 24 weeks prenatally. Significant (p less than 0.001) relationships are also noted between the degree of suture fusion and ANS prominance. Findings from the present study suggest that the distinctive racial variations in midfacial profiles are established early in fetal development (by the second trimester) and maintained postnatally. Results from the present study also appear consonant with associations predicted by a septal-mediated traction model of midfacial growth.
决定人类鼻囊骨形态的一个重要因素是鼻中隔前下区域在鼻前棘（ANS）水平处的面积。由于人类在哺乳动物和灵长类动物中是唯一发育出鼻前棘的，因此本研究旨在更多地了解鼻前棘的形态及其与其他面中部结构的发育关系。由于黑人和白人在鼻前棘形态和面部前突方面存在有充分记录的种族差异，因此利用这些群体的发育骨学数据来研究上颌前部的形态。对93例黑人标本和97例白人标本的清洁干燥头骨进行了检查，这些标本的年龄范围从产前8周至8岁，以评估鼻前棘形态和上颌前部-上颌骨缝线状态。卡方分析显示，与黑人标本相比，白人标本在产前24周时上颌前部-上颌骨缝线融合或正在融合的频率显著更高（p<0.05），且鼻前棘更突出。在缝线融合程度和鼻前棘突出程度之间也发现了显著的（p<0.001）关系。本研究结果表明，面中部轮廓的独特种族差异在胎儿发育早期（孕中期）就已确立，并在出生后得以维持。本研究结果似乎也与面中部生长的鼻中隔介导牵引模型所预测的关联一致。
