González Del Val Miguel, Mora Nogués Julio, García Gallego Paloma, Frövel Malte
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Crta. de Ajalvir km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain.
Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España S.A. (ISDEFE), C. de Beatriz de Bobadilla, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Sep 9;21(18):6053. doi: 10.3390/s21186053.
Icing is a hazard which is important for the aerospace industry and which has grown over the last few years. Developing sensors that can detect the existence not only of standard icing conditions with typically small droplet size, but also of Supercooled Large Droplet (SLD) conditions is one of the most important aims in order to minimize icing hazards in the near future. In the present paper a study of the Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors' (FBGSs) performance as a flight icing detection system that predicts the conditions of an icing cloud is carried out. The test matrix was performed in the INTA Icing Wind Tunnel (IWT) with several icing conditions including SLD. Two optic fibers with 16 FBGS in total were integrated in the lower and upper surface of an airfoil to measure the temperature all over the chord. The results are compared with a Messinger heat and mass balance model and the measurements of the FBGS are used to predict the Liquid Water Content (LWC) and Ice Accretion Rate (IAR). Finally, the results are evaluated and a sensor assessment is made. A good correlation was observed between theoretical calculations and test results obtained with the FBGS in the IWT tests. FBGS proved to detect the beginning and end of ice accretion, LWC and IAR quickly and with good precision.
结冰是一种对航空航天工业很重要且在过去几年中日益突出的危害。开发不仅能检测典型小液滴尺寸的标准结冰条件，还能检测过冷大液滴（SLD）条件的传感器，是在不久的将来将结冰危害降至最低的最重要目标之一。在本文中，对光纤布拉格光栅传感器（FBGS）作为预测结冰云状况的飞行结冰检测系统的性能进行了研究。测试矩阵在INTA结冰风洞（IWT）中进行，包括SLD在内有多种结冰条件。总共16个FBGS的两根光纤集成在翼型的上下表面，以测量整个弦长的温度。将结果与Messinger热质平衡模型进行比较，并利用FBGS的测量结果预测液态水含量（LWC）和结冰增长率（IAR）。最后，对结果进行评估并进行传感器评估。在IWT测试中，理论计算与用FBGS获得的测试结果之间观察到了良好的相关性。FBGS被证明能够快速且高精度地检测结冰的开始和结束、LWC和IAR。
