School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Zoology and Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic; Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Biodiversity Research, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic.
Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Høgskoleringen 9, Trondheim, 7485, Norway.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2022 Jan;37(1):30-41. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.08.010. Epub 2021 Sep 24.
Every year, many wild animals undertake long-distance migration to breed in the north, taking advantage of seasonally high pulses in food supply, fewer parasites, and lower predation pressure in comparison with equatorial latitudes. Growing evidence suggests that climate-change-induced phenological mismatches have reduced food availability. Furthermore, novel pathogens and parasites are spreading northwards, and nest or offspring predation has increased at many Arctic and northern temperate locations. Altered trophic interactions have decreased the reproductive success and survival of migratory animals. Reduced advantages for long-distance migration have potentially serious consequences for community structure and ecosystem function. Changes in the benefits of migration need to be integrated into projections of population and ecosystem dynamics and targeted by innovative conservation actions.
每年，许多野生动物都会进行长途迁徙，前往北方繁殖，利用季节性的食物供应高峰、较少的寄生虫和与赤道地区相比更低的捕食压力。越来越多的证据表明，气候变化引起的物候期不匹配减少了食物的可获得性。此外，新的病原体和寄生虫正在向北传播，许多北极和北温带地区的鸟巢或幼崽被捕食的情况也在增加。改变了的营养相互作用降低了候鸟的繁殖成功率和存活率。长途迁徙的优势减少，可能对群落结构和生态系统功能产生严重后果。需要将迁徙的好处的变化纳入种群和生态系统动态的预测中，并通过创新的保护行动来加以应对。
