Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Centre of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre, Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 2022 Sep;172(11-12):280-286. doi: 10.1007/s10354-021-00884-0. Epub 2021 Sep 28.
The influenza season 2017-2018 of the northern hemisphere was the highest since 2001 and was caused predominantly by influenza B virus.
We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients in a university hospital in northern Germany with laboratory-confirmed influenza during the winter season 2017-2018 and analyzed underlying conditions, complications, and outcome.
A total of 272 cases of influenza were diagnosed: 70 influenza A (25.7%), 201 influenza B (73.9%), and 1 co-infection. Of 182 adults, 145 were hospitalized, 73 developed pneumonia, 11 developed myocardial infarction, two a transient ischemic attack, one a stroke, and one perimyocarditis. Eleven of the 145 hospitalized adult patients (7.6%) died, ten of them because of pneumonia. All of them had preexisting diseases. Pneumonia was associated with a mortality of 13.7%. Underlying cardiac insufficiency was correlated with higher mortality (7/51 with versus 4/126 patients without cardiac insufficiency; p < 0.05). Ninety cases of influenza were diagnosed in 89 children (30 A, 60 B), one child had first influenza B, then influenza A. Twenty-eight children (31%) were hospitalized, 15 children developed one or more complications (lower respiratory tract infections, meningeal irritations, febrile seizures, otitis media, myositis). No child died. Influenza vaccination status was known in 149 adult patients, pneumonia occurred more frequently in non-vaccinated individuals (43/90; 47.8%) than in vaccinated patients (18/59; 30.5%, p < 0.05).
Patients with influenza should be monitored for secondary pneumonia and myocardial infarction, and vaccination should be enforced especially in patients with coronary heart disease and cardiac insufficiency.
2017-2018 年北半球的流感季节是自 2001 年以来最高的，主要由乙型流感病毒引起。
我们对德国北部一所大学医院在 2017-2018 年冬季期间经实验室确诊的流感患者进行了回顾性分析，并分析了潜在疾病、并发症和结局。
共诊断出 272 例流感病例：70 例甲型流感（25.7%），201 例乙型流感（73.9%）和 1 例合并感染。182 例成人中，145 例住院，73 例发生肺炎，11 例发生心肌梗死，2 例发生短暂性脑缺血发作，1 例发生中风，1 例发生心肌炎。145 例住院成年患者中有 11 例（7.6%）死亡，其中 10 例死于肺炎。所有患者均有基础疾病。肺炎与死亡率相关（13.7%）。基础心功能不全与较高的死亡率相关（7/51 例有基础心功能不全者与 4/126 例无基础心功能不全者；p<0.05）。在 89 例儿童（30 例甲型，60 例乙型）中诊断出 90 例流感，1 例儿童先患乙型流感，后患甲型流感。28 例（31%）儿童住院，15 例儿童发生一种或多种并发症（下呼吸道感染、脑膜刺激、热性惊厥、中耳炎、肌炎）。无儿童死亡。在 149 例成年患者中，已知流感疫苗接种情况，未接种疫苗的个体（43/90；47.8%）比接种疫苗的个体（18/59；30.5%）更常发生肺炎（p<0.05）。
流感患者应监测继发性肺炎和心肌梗死，并应特别加强对冠心病和心功能不全患者的疫苗接种。
