Teasdale Scott, Mörkl Sabrina, Müller-Stierlin Annabel Sandra
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia.
Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Austria.
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020 Apr 19;5:100070. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100070. eCollection 2020 May.
Current treatment for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders focusses primarily on psychotropic medication to treat symptoms, though their efficacy varies between patients and psychotropic medication is often accompanied by severe side effects. Nutritional interventions to prevent and treat mental illness have received considerable attention over recent years. However, evidence for nutritional interventions in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders remains limited in quantity and quality. Pathways currently in focus include: i) nutritional deficits and impairments in glucose metabolism, ii) inflammation and immune dysregulation (also known from the mild encephalitis hypothesis), and iii) altered gut microbiota. All of which appear to be interconnected. Key limiting factors for advancing research in this field are research challenges associated with assessing and interpreting inflammatory profiles, microbiota and subjective nutritional assessments, which is further complicated by illness characteristics. This review describes the state of evidence for key hypotheses, including underlying mechanisms, implicated in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, the challenges in nutritional psychiatry research and the current state of nutrition interventions in mental healthcare.
目前，精神分裂症谱系障碍的治疗主要集中在使用精神药物来治疗症状，尽管其疗效因患者而异，且精神药物常常伴有严重的副作用。近年来，预防和治疗精神疾病的营养干预措施受到了广泛关注。然而，关于精神分裂症谱系障碍营养干预的证据在数量和质量上仍然有限。目前关注的途径包括：i）营养缺乏和葡萄糖代谢受损；ii）炎症和免疫失调（轻度脑炎假说中也有提及）；iii）肠道微生物群改变。所有这些似乎都是相互关联的。推进该领域研究的关键限制因素是与评估和解释炎症特征、微生物群以及主观营养评估相关的研究挑战，而疾病特征又使这些挑战更加复杂。本综述描述了关键假说的证据状况，包括精神分裂症谱系障碍的潜在机制、营养精神病学研究中的挑战以及精神卫生保健中营养干预的现状。
