[Analysis of clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors in patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection complicated with hypertension].

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the clinical characteristics as well as short-term and long-term prognostic factors of patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) with hypertension.

METHODS

Patients with TBAD who received thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) admitted to Xiangyang Central Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 were enrolled. The baseline data of patients admitted to the hospital were collected through the case management system, including gender, age, underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease), smoking history, drinking history, duration of pain, vital signs at admission [heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)], laboratory results [white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum creatinine (SCr), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, ascending aorta diameter], etc. The clinical characteristics of TBAD patients with hypertension were analyzed. Logistic regression model and Cox proportional risk model were used to analyze the impact of hypertension on the short-term and long-term all-cause deaths after TEVAR in TBAD patients.

RESULTS

Among 227 TBAD patients, 160 cases (70.5%) were complicated with hypertension, while 67 cases (29.5%) were not. The average age, the proportion of diabetes and coronary heart disease, and the level of SBP, DBP and SCr at admission of TBAD patients with hypertension were higher than those of TBAD without hypertension [age (years old): 53.1±11.9 vs. 42.8±14.1, combined with diabetes: 8.8% vs. 1.5%, combined with coronary heart disease: 6.3% vs. 0%, SBP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 147.9±18.1 vs. 136.9±15.2, DBP (mmHg): 93.9±11.9 vs. 89.1±13.8, SCr (μmol/L): 97.8±25.4 vs. 89.8±23.6, all P < 0.05]. The short-term mortality of TBAD with hypertension group was significantly higher than that of TBAD without hypertension group [6.3% (10/160) vs. 0% (0/67), χ = 4.386, P = 0.036]. 227 patients with TBAD were followed up for 3-66 months, with a median follow-up time of 25 months. There was no significant difference in long-term mortality between TBAD patients with and without hypertensive during discharge follow-up [13.1% (21/160) vs. 9.0% (6/67), χ = 0.784, P = 0.376]. Further multivariate Logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis did not indicate that hypertension was an independent risk factor for short-term and long-term death in TBAD patients [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were 13.477 (0.541-330.215), 1.012 (0.990-1.035), both P > 0.05]. Age and HR were independent risk factors for the short-term mortality of TBAD patients [OR and 95%CI were 15.287 (1.051-226.415), 0.026 (0.002-0.840), both P < 0.05]. Age, PLT and D-dimer were independent risk factors for the long-term mortality of TBAD patients [OR and 95%CI were 1.808 (1.205-2.711), 0.555 (0.333-0.924), 1.482 (1.035-2.122), respectively, all P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONS

The TBAD patients with hypertension have older age, high rates of diabetes or coronary heart disease. However, hypertension is not an independent risk factor for short-term and long-term mortality in TBAD patients.