Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University Faculty of Medicine, Umea, Sweden
Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University Faculty of Medicine, Umea, Sweden.
BMJ Open. 2021 Sep 30;11(9):e052600. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052600.
Men generally seek healthcare less often than women and, other than traditional gender norms, less is known about the explanation. The aim was to identify knowledge gaps and factors influencing men regarding sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRHC) in the Nordic countries.
We searched PubMed and SveMed+ for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and May 2020. The analyses identified factors influencing men's experiences of and access to SRHC.
The majority of the 68 articles included focused on pregnancy, birth, infertility and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. During pregnancy and childbirth, men were treated as accompanying partners rather than individuals with their own needs. The knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers were crucial for their ability to provide SRHC and for the experiences of men. Organisational obstacles, such as women-centred SRHC and no assigned healthcare profession for men's sexual and reproductive health issues, hindered men's access to SRHC. Lastly, the literature rarely discussed the impact of health policies on men's access to SRHC.
The literature lacked the perspectives of specific groups of men such as migrants, men who have sex with men and transmen, as well as the experiences of men in SRHC related to sexual function, contraceptive use and gender-based violence. These knowledge gaps, taken together with the lack of a clear entry point for men into SRHC, indicate the necessity of an improved health and medical education of healthcare providers, as well as of health system interventions.
男性通常比女性更少寻求医疗保健，除了传统的性别规范外，人们对这一现象的解释知之甚少。本研究旨在确定北欧国家在男性性与生殖健康保健（SRHC）方面的知识空白和影响因素。
我们在 PubMed 和 SveMed+ 中搜索了 2010 年 1 月至 2020 年 5 月期间发表的同行评审文章。分析确定了影响男性体验和获得 SRHC 的因素。
纳入的 68 篇文章主要集中在妊娠、分娩、不孕和性传播感染，包括 HIV。在妊娠和分娩期间，男性被视为陪伴伴侣，而不是有自身需求的个体。医疗保健提供者的知识和态度对他们提供 SRHC 的能力以及男性的体验至关重要。组织障碍，如以女性为中心的 SRHC 和没有专门负责男性性和生殖健康问题的医疗保健专业人员，阻碍了男性获得 SRHC。最后，文献很少讨论卫生政策对男性获得 SRHC 的影响。
文献缺乏特定男性群体的观点，如移民、男男性行为者和跨性别男性，以及男性在 SRHC 方面与性功能、避孕使用和基于性别的暴力相关的体验。这些知识空白，加上缺乏男性进入 SRHC 的明确切入点，表明有必要提高医疗保健提供者的健康和医学教育水平，并进行卫生系统干预。
