Increasing evidence-based substance use interventions globally: The National Institute on Drug Abuse postdoctoral fellowships.

As of April 2020, 121 individuals from 47 nations had completed 124 NIDA International Program INVEST Drug Abuse Research Fellowships. This is the first comprehensive effort to assess the fellowships from the combined perspectives of career outcomes, migration patterns, publications, cost per publication, and funding. We searched electronic sources such as university websites, ResearchGate, LinkedIn, PubMed, and NIH databases to find current curriculum vitae, journal articles published in 2018 and 2019, and funding records. We found electronic records for 94.2% of former NIDA INVEST fellows ( = 114); 55.5% were male ( = 67). The majority are at least partially involved in addiction research, prevention, or treatment (85.9%;  = 98), primarily at academic institutions (73.7%,  = 84) as faculty members (65.8%,  = 75) conducting research (86%,  = 98). Nearly three-fourths (74.6%,  = 85) are still working in their home countries; and 74.6% ( = 85) coauthored at least one research article indexed in PubMed during 2018 or 2019. Of the 656 unique research articles, 52.4% ( = 344) were published by multinational groups. The average cost to NIDA for each peer-reviewed publication was $19,677. More than half (53.5%,  = 61) of the fellows received funding through 431 unique grants-led by NIDA (55), other NIH Institutes and Centers (57) and other U.S. funders (55). Using the measures of career outcomes, migration patterns, publications, cost per publication, and funding INVEST fellowships are cost-effective mechanisms to advance scientific knowledge, build addiction research capacity, foster international cooperation, and promote adoption of evidence-based addiction policies and interventions around the world.