Zhang Lulu, Xu Weihai, Mi Wenying, Yan Wen, Guo Tianfeng, Zhou Fenghua, Miao Li, Xie Zhiyong
Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 2):150673. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150673. Epub 2021 Sep 29.
The South China Sea (SCS), surrounded by developing countries/regions with a huge consumption of flame retardants, is generally contaminated by organophosphate esters (OPEs). However, studies on the occurrence, deposition and long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) process over the SCS of OPEs compounds are still limited. In this work, 10 OPEs were measured in 100 atmospheric samples collected from Yongxing Island (YXI) in the SCS. The total OPEs concentrations ranged from 1508 to 1968 pg/m with 28.6-1416.9 pg/m in gas and 95.2-1066.2 pg/m in particle partition. The three chlorinated OPEs are present at higher concentrations than the other seven non-chlorinated OPEs. Most OPEs had clear seasonal variations that followed the order: spring>summer≈winter>autumn except for tri-isobutyl phosphate (TIBP) and tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP). The particle-bound fraction of the total OPEs had little seasonal variations with a mean value of 0.35. Comparing J-P model and Koa model, it was found that the gas/particle partition in the study area was in non-equilibrium condition. LRAT, controlled by seasonal wind direction, was the predominated factor that led to the seasonal variations of OPEs on YXI. The average daily deposition flux of total OPEs was 13.0 ng/m with an annual total deposition of 15.06 g.
南海（SCS）周边是阻燃剂消费量大的发展中国家/地区，普遍受到有机磷酸酯（OPEs）的污染。然而，关于OPEs化合物在南海的存在、沉降和长距离大气传输（LRAT）过程的研究仍然有限。在这项工作中，对从南海永兴岛（YXI）采集的100个大气样本中的10种OPEs进行了测量。OPEs的总浓度范围为1508至1968 pg/m，其中气相浓度为28.6 - 1416.9 pg/m，颗粒相浓度为95.2 - 1066.2 pg/m。三种氯化OPEs的浓度高于其他七种非氯化OPEs。除磷酸三异丁酯（TIBP）和磷酸三（2-乙基己基）酯（TEHP）外，大多数OPEs有明显的季节变化，顺序为：春季>夏季≈冬季>秋季。总OPEs的颗粒结合分数季节变化较小，平均值为0.35。比较J-P模型和Koa模型发现，研究区域内的气/粒分配处于非平衡状态。受季节风向控制的LRAT是导致永兴岛OPEs季节变化的主要因素。总OPEs的日均沉降通量为13.0 ng/m，年总沉降量为15.06 g。
