School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China.
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Environ Pollut. 2022 May 1;300:118930. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118930. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
The coastal megacity Shanghai is located in the center of the Yangtze River Delta, a dominant flame retardants (FRs) production region in China, especially for organophosphate esters (OPEs). This prompted us to investigate occurrence and seasonal changes of atmospheric OPEs in Shanghai, as well as to evaluate their sources, environmental behavior and fate as a case study for global coastal regions. Atmospheric gas and particle phase OPEs were weekly collected at two coastal sites - the emerging town Lingang New Area (LGNA), and the chemical-industry zone Jinshan Area (JSA) from July 2016-June 2017. Total atmospheric concentrations of the observed OPEs were significantly higher in JSA (median of 1800 pg m) than LGNA (median of 580 pg m). Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant compound, and the proportion of three chlorinated OPEs were higher in the particle phase (55%) than in the gas phase (39%). The year-round median contribution of particle phase OPEs was 33%, which changed strongly with seasons, accounting for 10% in summer in contrast to 62% in winter. Gas and particle phase OPEs in JSA exhibited significant correlations with inverse of temperature, respectively, indicating the importance of local/secondary volatilization sources. The estimated fluxes of gaseous absorption were almost 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of particle phase deposition, which could act as sources of organic phosphorus to coastal and open ocean waters.
沿海特大城市上海位于长江三角洲的中心地带，是中国阻燃剂（FRs）生产的主要地区，尤其是有机磷酸酯（OPEs）。这促使我们调查了上海大气中 OPEs 的出现和季节性变化，并评估了它们的来源、环境行为和命运，作为对全球沿海地区的案例研究。我们在两个沿海地点——新兴城镇临港新片区（LGNA）和化工区金山片区（JSA），从 2016 年 7 月到 2017 年 6 月，每周采集一次大气气体和颗粒相 OPEs。在 JSA（中值为 1800 pg m）观察到的 OPEs 总大气浓度明显高于 LGNA（中值为 580 pg m）。三（1-氯-2-丙基）磷酸酯（TCPP）是最丰富的化合物，三种氯化 OPEs 在颗粒相中（55%）的比例高于气相中（39%）。颗粒相 OPEs 的全年中值贡献为 33%，这一比例随季节变化很大，夏季为 10%，冬季为 62%。JSA 中的气相和颗粒相 OPEs 与温度的倒数呈显著相关，这表明当地/二次挥发源的重要性。气态吸收的估计通量几乎比颗粒相沉积高 2 个数量级，这可能成为沿海和开阔海域有机磷的来源。
