Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Department of Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Feb;29(9):13756-13765. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16608-1. Epub 2021 Oct 1.
This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), and arsenic metalloid (As), to assess their health risks in the popular depilatory products of the Iranian markets. Twenty-one samples of 7 popular brands of depilatory products, inclusive of cream and powder, were examined. Selected elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) using the appropriate procedure for acid digestion and the measurement of heavy metal contents. The differences in heavy metal concentrations were investigated according to the type of product, brand, country of production, and product price using t test and one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test. Finally, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments were calculated for the studied elements. The results showed that Pb (5.46±2.30 mg/kg) and Co (0.16±0.69 mg/kg) had the highest and lowest concentrations in these products, respectively. In general, the concentration of heavy metals in depilatory creams was less than the concentration of elements in depilatory powders and less than the maximum allowable limits as defined by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI). There was a direct and significant relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in depilatory powders and the product's price. Moreover, the amount of As in one of the brands of depilatory powder was determined to exceed the standard value (2 mg/kg). Also, hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) were below 1 and 10, respectively, which indicated that this mentioned heavy metal had no probable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for consumers. According to this study, it was evident that the chances of cancer and non-cancer risk using depilatory products were unlikely, but continuous use can be harmful due to the excessive accumulation of these heavy metals.
本研究旨在调查包括铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、锌（Zn）、钴（Co）和砷类金属（As）在内的重金属在伊朗市场上流行的脱毛产品中的浓度，以评估其对健康的危害。对 21 种 7 种流行品牌的脱毛产品（包括乳膏和粉末）进行了检查。使用适当的酸消解程序和重金属含量测量方法，通过电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）测量选定元素。使用 t 检验和单因素方差分析及事后 Tukey 检验，根据产品类型、品牌、生产国和产品价格研究重金属浓度的差异。最后，对研究元素进行致癌和非致癌风险评估。结果表明，这些产品中 Pb（5.46±2.30 mg/kg）和 Co（0.16±0.69 mg/kg）的浓度最高和最低。一般来说，脱毛乳膏中重金属的浓度低于脱毛粉中元素的浓度，也低于伊朗标准与工业研究协会（ISIRI）规定的最大允许限量。脱毛粉中重金属的浓度与产品价格之间存在直接显著的关系。此外，其中一个脱毛粉品牌的 As 含量被确定超过了标准值（2 mg/kg）。此外，危害指数（HI）和终生癌症风险（LCR）分别低于 1 和 10，这表明这些重金属对消费者没有可能的非致癌和致癌风险。根据这项研究，使用脱毛产品发生癌症和非癌症风险的可能性不大，但由于这些重金属的过度积累，连续使用可能有害。
