Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, Box 1, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Nov 1;228:109063. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109063. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
Amidst cannabis legalization efforts and laws, we do not fully understand how the youngest frequent cannabis users fare during young adulthood. This study aims to 1) examine the prevalence of cannabis use during adolescence, and 2) investigate links of frequent (i.e., weekly or daily) teenage cannabis use with psychopathology and functional well-being at age 20-compared to no or occasional use.
Data came from a prospective-longitudinal cohort study (assessments from 2004 to 2018, from ages 7-20) in an urban setting (N = 1482). Substance use was assessed with self-reports between ages 13 and 20. At age 20, participants reported on psychopathology (psychotic symptoms, problematic substance use, aggression, and internalizing symptoms) and functional well-being (delinquency, financial difficulties, social exclusion, general well-being, and not being in education, employment, or training). Covariates were based on self-, parent-, teacher-, and behavioral measures.
Almost one in five adolescents had used cannabis frequently between ages 13 and 17 (26.6% of males, 9.8% of females). Adjusting nearly 20 potential confounders, frequent teenage cannabis use was associated with age 20 problematic substance use and poorer functional well-being compared to the no cannabis use and the occasional use groups. Frequent teenage cannabis use was more consistently associated with age 20 functional outcomes compared to frequent teenage nicotine or alcohol use.
Frequent teenage cannabis use was common and associated with problematic substance use, more delinquency, and poorer functional well-being at age 20. Accordingly, frequent teenage cannabis users could experience increased difficulties in mastering the transitions of young adulthood.
在大麻合法化的努力和法律下，我们并不完全了解最年轻的频繁大麻使用者在成年早期的情况。本研究旨在：1）研究青少年时期大麻使用的流行率，以及 2）调查与偶尔或不使用大麻相比，青少年时期频繁（即每周或每天）使用大麻与 20 岁时的精神病理学和功能健康之间的联系。
数据来自一项前瞻性纵向队列研究（2004 年至 2018 年，年龄为 7-20 岁），在城市环境中进行（N=1482）。在 13 至 20 岁期间，通过自我报告评估物质使用情况。在 20 岁时，参与者报告了精神病理学（精神病症状、有问题的物质使用、攻击性和内化症状）和功能健康（违法行为、经济困难、社会排斥、总体幸福感以及未接受教育、就业或培训）。协变量基于自我、父母、教师和行为测量。
近五分之一的青少年在 13 至 17 岁之间频繁使用大麻（男性 26.6%，女性 9.8%）。调整了近 20 个潜在的混杂因素后，与不使用大麻和偶尔使用大麻的组相比，青少年时期频繁使用大麻与 20 岁时的物质使用问题和较差的功能健康相关。与青少年时期频繁使用尼古丁或酒精相比，青少年时期频繁使用大麻与 20 岁时的功能结果更为一致。
青少年时期频繁使用大麻很常见，与 20 岁时的物质使用问题、更多违法行为和较差的功能健康相关。因此，青少年时期频繁使用大麻的人可能在掌握成年早期的过渡方面会遇到更多困难。
