Epidemiology and Health Research Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, CNR Via G. Moruzzi, 156124 Pisa, Italy.
Epidemiology and Health Research Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, CNR Via G. Moruzzi, 156124 Pisa, Italy.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Nov 1;228:109061. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109061. Epub 2021 Sep 24.
Energy Drinks (ED) are caffeinated beverages marketed as attention and endurance enhancers. The main purpose of this study is to provide national estimates of the prevalence of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AmED) and ED use among school-aged adolescents. A secondary objective is to examine the differences in the prevalence of AmED and ED consumption by gender.
For this study, we used data from twelve consecutive years, from ESPAD-Italia®2008 to ESPAD-Italia®2019.
From 2008-2019, the prevalence of lifetime consumption of energy drinks increased significantly for male (64.5-75.7%, p < 0.001) and female (46.8-61.8%, p < 0.001). We also observed an increase in both genders for last year prevalence (male: 51.6-63.4%, p < 0.001; female: 32.5-38.3%, p < 0.001), instead prevalence in last month showed an increase only in males (males: 37.5-45.4%, p = <0.001; females: 19.9-20.3%, p = 0.426). Finally, frequent use showed a fluctuating trend, particularly in females (males: 3.2-4.3%, p = 0.422; females: 0.8-0.8%, p = 0.643). From 2013-2019, the prevalence of AmED consumption did not show relevant changes among adolescents. A clear gender gap is evident for both ED and AmED usage prevalence, in all the years considered for lifetime, last year, last month and frequent use.
The findings suggest that the prevalence of ED consumption among Italian high school students is very high and has grown substantially over the past 12 years. Differently the prevalence of AmED use, although widespread, did not increase overall since 2013.
能量饮料（ED）是一种含咖啡因的饮料，被宣传为提高注意力和耐力的饮品。本研究的主要目的是提供全国范围内青少年同时摄入酒精和能量饮料（AmED）以及能量饮料使用的流行率估计值。次要目的是检查按性别划分的 AmED 和 ED 消费流行率的差异。
本研究使用了来自连续十二年的 ESPAD-Italia®2008 至 ESPAD-Italia®2019 的数据。
从 2008 年到 2019 年，男性（64.5-75.7%，p<0.001）和女性（46.8-61.8%，p<0.001）终生消费能量饮料的流行率均显著增加。我们还观察到，两性的去年流行率均有所增加（男性：51.6-63.4%，p<0.001；女性：32.5-38.3%，p<0.001），而上个月的流行率仅在男性中增加（男性：37.5-45.4%，p<0.001；女性：19.9-20.3%，p=0.426）。最后，频繁使用呈现波动趋势，尤其是在女性中（男性：3.2-4.3%，p=0.422；女性：0.8-0.8%，p=0.643）。从 2013 年到 2019 年，青少年中 AmED 消费的流行率没有显示出明显变化。在所有考虑的终生、去年、上个月和频繁使用的年份中，ED 和 AmED 使用的流行率都存在明显的性别差距。
研究结果表明，过去 12 年来，意大利高中生中 ED 消费的流行率非常高，且呈大幅上升趋势。不同的是，尽管 AmED 的使用范围很广，但自 2013 年以来总体上并未增加。
