Teijeiro Ana, Pérez-Ríos Mónica, García Guadalupe, Martin-Gisbert Lucia, Candal-Pedreira Cristina, Rey-Brandariz Julia, Guerra-Tort Carla, Varela-Lema Leonor, Mourino Nerea
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela-IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
Eur J Pediatr. 2025 May 27;184(6):365. doi: 10.1007/s00431-025-06177-7.
The aims of this study were to describe the trend across 2014-2023 in the prevalence of the consumption of energy drinks among students aged 14 to 18 years in Spain and the shifting characteristics of consumers. Data source was the microdata of the Survey of Drug Use in Secondary Education in Spain (2014-2023). Prevalence of energy drink consumption was calculated overall, by sex and age, and in the 18 Autonomous Regions. To identify the factors linked to consumption, multivariate models were fitted. Prevalence and adjusted odds ratios are shown with their 95% confidence intervals; the geographic distribution of energy drink consumption was plotted on maps. The prevalence of consumption of energy drinks in the last 30 days ranged from 40.4% (2014) to 47.7% (2023). For any given year, prevalence was higher in boys and varied among regions. Being male, non-Spanish, a repeat student of 1 or more academic years, having no parent with higher education, or consuming tobacco, cannabis, or alcohol increased the likelihood of energy drink consumption.
The prevalence of energy drink consumption among Spanish students aged 14-18 years has shown an upward trend among both sexes, especially among girls. The characteristics of consumers have been stable since 2014. Understanding these trends, factors associated with consumption, and the differences among regions is critical to directing efforts to educate young people about the risks involved and to prevent the initiation of energy drink consumption.
• The energy drink market has grown since 2000. • Energy drink consumption is higher in adolescents. • Some European countries have taken regulatory measures, such as banning energy drink sales to minors.
• The prevalence of energy drink consumption among Spanish adolescents has shown an upward trend in 2014-2023. • Prevalence was higher in boys and varied among regions. • The characteristics of consumers were stable during this period.
本研究的目的是描述2014年至2023年西班牙14至18岁学生中能量饮料消费流行率的趋势以及消费者特征的变化。数据来源是西班牙中等教育药物使用调查（2014 - 2023年）的微观数据。总体上、按性别和年龄以及在18个自治区计算能量饮料消费的流行率。为确定与消费相关的因素，拟合了多变量模型。呈现流行率和调整后的优势比及其95%置信区间；能量饮料消费的地理分布绘制在地图上。过去30天内能量饮料消费的流行率从2014年的40.4%到2023年的47.7%不等。在任何给定年份，男孩中的流行率更高，且各地区有所不同。男性、非西班牙裔、重读1个或更多学年的学生、父母没有高等教育学历、或消费烟草、大麻或酒精会增加能量饮料消费的可能性。
西班牙14至18岁学生中能量饮料消费的流行率在两性中均呈上升趋势，尤其是在女孩中。自2014年以来消费者特征一直稳定。了解这些趋势、与消费相关的因素以及地区差异对于指导针对年轻人进行风险教育和预防能量饮料消费的努力至关重要。
• 自2000年以来能量饮料市场一直在增长。• 青少年中能量饮料消费量更高。• 一些欧洲国家已采取监管措施，如禁止向未成年人销售能量饮料。
• 2014年至2023年西班牙青少年中能量饮料消费的流行率呈上升趋势。• 男孩中的流行率更高，且各地区有所不同。• 在此期间消费者特征稳定。
