Pan Ruping, Chen Yong
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Physiol. 2021 Sep 16;12:712372. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712372. eCollection 2021.
Exercise plays an important role in the physiology, often depending on its intensity, duration, and frequency. It increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, it also increases antioxidant enzymes involved in the oxidative damage defense. Prolonged, acute, or strenuous exercise often leads to an increased radical production and a subsequent oxidative stress in the skeletal muscles, while chronic regular or moderate exercise results in a decrease in oxidative stress. Notably, under pathological state, such as obesity, aging, etc., ROS levels could be elevated in humans, which could be attenuated by proper exercise. Significantly, exercise stimulates the development of beige adipose tissue and potentially influence the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is known to be conducive to a metabolic balance through non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and may protect from oxidative stress. Exercise-related balance of the ROS levels is associated with a healthy metabolism in humans. In this review, we summarize the integrated effects of exercise on oxidative metabolism, and especially focus on the role of brown and beige adipose tissues in this process, providing more evidence and knowledge for a better management of exercise-induced oxidative stress.
运动在生理学中起着重要作用，这通常取决于其强度、持续时间和频率。运动可增加活性氧（ROS）的产生。同时，它还会增加参与氧化损伤防御的抗氧化酶。长时间、剧烈或高强度运动通常会导致骨骼肌中自由基产生增加以及随后的氧化应激，而长期规律或适度运动则会导致氧化应激降低。值得注意的是，在肥胖、衰老等病理状态下，人体中的ROS水平可能会升高，而适当的运动可以使其降低。重要的是，运动刺激米色脂肪组织的发育，并可能影响棕色脂肪组织（BAT）的功能，已知棕色脂肪组织通过非颤抖性产热（NST）有助于代谢平衡，并可能抵御氧化应激。运动相关的ROS水平平衡与人类健康代谢相关。在本综述中，我们总结了运动对氧化代谢的综合影响，尤其关注棕色和米色脂肪组织在此过程中的作用，为更好地管理运动诱导的氧化应激提供更多证据和知识。
