Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 9;21(7):2620. doi: 10.3390/ijms21072620.
Adiponectin (ApN) is a hormone abundantly secreted by adipocytes and it is known to be tightly linked to the metabolic syndrome. It promotes insulin-sensitizing, fat-burning, and anti-atherosclerotic actions, thereby effectively counteracting several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. ApN is also known today to possess powerful anti-inflammatory/oxidative and pro-myogenic effects on skeletal muscles exposed to acute or chronic inflammation and injury, mainly through AdipoR1 (ApN specific muscle receptor) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, but also via T-cadherin. In this review, we will report all the beneficial and protective properties that ApN can exert, specifically on the skeletal muscle as a target tissue. We will highlight its effects and mechanisms of action, first in healthy skeletal muscle including exercised muscle, and second in diseased muscle from a variety of pathological conditions. In the end, we will go over some of AdipoRs agonists that can be easily produced and administered, and which can greatly mimic ApN. These interesting and newly identified molecules could pave the way towards future therapeutic approaches to potentially prevent or combat not only skeletal muscle disorders but also a plethora of other diseases with sterile inflammation or metabolic dysfunction.
脂联素（ApN）是一种大量分泌的激素由脂肪细胞分泌，与代谢综合征密切相关。它能促进胰岛素敏感性、脂肪燃烧和抗动脉粥样硬化作用，从而有效对抗多种代谢紊乱，包括 2 型糖尿病、肥胖和心血管疾病。如今，ApN 还被认为对暴露于急性或慢性炎症和损伤的骨骼肌具有强大的抗炎/抗氧化和促肌生成作用，主要通过 AdipoR1（ApN 特异性肌肉受体）和 AMP 激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）途径，但也通过 T-钙黏蛋白。在这篇综述中，我们将报告 ApN 可以发挥的所有有益和保护特性，特别是作为靶组织的骨骼肌。我们将重点介绍其在健康骨骼肌（包括运动后的肌肉）和各种病理条件下的病变肌肉中的作用和作用机制。最后，我们将讨论一些可以轻易产生和施用的 AdipoRs 激动剂，这些激动剂可以很好地模拟 ApN。这些有趣且新确定的分子可能为未来的治疗方法铺平道路，以潜在地预防或治疗不仅是骨骼肌疾病，还有许多其他具有非感染性炎症或代谢功能障碍的疾病。
