Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 310021 Hangzhou, China.
School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, 312000 Shaoxing, China.
J Adv Res. 2021 Feb 9;33:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.019. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Sunflower seeds possess higher oil content than do cereal crop seeds. Storage of sunflower seeds is accompanied by loss of seed vigor and oxidation of storage and membrane lipids.
This study first reported that compound sodium nitrophenolate (CSN), a new plant growth modulator, improved the germination and seedling emergence of aged sunflower seeds. The present study provide a future reference as to the potential applications of CSN and the regulation mechanism of exogenous substances in increasing aged crop seed vigor.
Phenotypic analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CSN on germination and seedling emergence from naturally- and artificially-aged sunflower seeds. The biochemical and enzyme activity analysis were conducted to test the CSN-induced effect on glycometabolism, fatty acid and abscisic acid metabolism. Meanwhile, gene expression analysis was carried out to detect the changes in the transcription level of sunflower seeds during early germination period after CSN treatment.
CSN application significantly increased the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of sunflower seeds under natural and artificial aging. Biochemical analysis indicated that, CSN treatment significantly enhanced the sucrose and fructose contents in aged sunflower seeds during early germination period. Moreover, the contents of several different fatty acids in CSN-treated sunflower seeds also significantly increased. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that CSN treatment remarkably up-regulated the activities of several critical enzymes related to triacylglycerol hydrolysis. Consequently, the transcription levels of the above key enzymes-related synthetic genes were also significantly up-regulated in CSN treatment. Furthermore, CSN treatment significantly decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content through the regulation of the gene expressions and activities of metabolism related-enzymes.
Taken together, the contribution of CSN to the improvement of aged sunflower seed germination and seedling emergence might be closely related to the fatty acid, glycometabolism, and ABA metabolism.
向日葵种子的含油量高于谷物作物种子。向日葵种子的储存伴随着种子活力的丧失和储存及膜脂的氧化。
本研究首次报道，新型植物生长调节剂复合硝基苯酚钠（CSN）可提高陈化向日葵种子的发芽率和幼苗出土率。本研究为 CSN 及外源物质在提高陈化作物种子活力中的调控机制的潜在应用提供了参考。
通过表型分析研究 CSN 对自然老化和人工老化向日葵种子发芽和幼苗出土的影响。进行生化和酶活性分析，以测试 CSN 对糖代谢、脂肪酸和脱落酸代谢的诱导作用。同时，进行基因表达分析，以检测 CSN 处理后向日葵种子在早期发芽阶段转录水平的变化。
CSN 的应用显著提高了自然老化和人工老化向日葵种子的发芽率和幼苗出土率。生化分析表明，CSN 处理在早期发芽阶段显著提高了陈化向日葵种子中的蔗糖和果糖含量。此外，CSN 处理的向日葵种子中几种不同脂肪酸的含量也显著增加。酶活性分析表明，CSN 处理显著上调了与三酰甘油水解相关的几种关键酶的活性。因此，CSN 处理也显著上调了上述关键酶相关合成基因的转录水平。此外，CSN 处理通过调节代谢相关酶的基因表达和活性，显著降低了脱落酸（ABA）的含量。
综上所述，CSN 对陈化向日葵种子发芽和幼苗出土的改善作用可能与脂肪酸、糖代谢和 ABA 代谢密切相关。
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