Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Biomed Res Int. 2021 Sep 22;2021:1601565. doi: 10.1155/2021/1601565. eCollection 2021.
Trogocytosis is a general biological process that involves one cell physically taking small parts of the membrane and other components from another cell. In trogocytosis, one cell seems to take little "bites" from another cell resulting in multiple outcomes from these cell-cell interactions. Trogocytosis was first described in protozoan parasites, which by taking pieces of host cells, kill them and cause tissue damage. Now, it is known that this process is also performed by cells of the immune system with important consequences such as cell communication and activation, elimination of microbial pathogens, and even control of cancer cells. More recently, trogocytosis has also been reported to occur in cells of the central nervous system and in various cells during development. Some of the molecules involved in phagocytosis also participate in trogocytosis. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate trogocytosis are still a mystery. Elucidating these mechanisms is becoming a research area of much interest. For example, why neutrophils can engage trogocytosis to kill parasites, but neutrophils use phagocytosis to eliminate already death parasites? Thus, trogocytosis is a significant process in normal physiology that multiple cells from different organisms use in various scenarios of health and disease. In this review, we present the basic principles known on the process of trogocytosis and discuss the importance in this process to host-pathogen interactions and to normal functions in the immune and nervous systems.
胞饮作用是一种普遍的生物学过程，涉及一个细胞从另一个细胞物理摄取小部分膜和其他成分。在胞饮作用中，一个细胞似乎从另一个细胞中“吞噬”小部分，从而导致这些细胞-细胞相互作用的多种结果。胞饮作用最初在原生动物寄生虫中被描述，寄生虫通过摄取宿主细胞的部分，杀死它们并导致组织损伤。现在，人们知道免疫细胞也会进行这种过程，这对细胞通讯和激活、消除微生物病原体甚至控制癌细胞具有重要意义。最近，胞饮作用也被报道发生在中枢神经系统的细胞和发育过程中的各种细胞中。一些参与吞噬作用的分子也参与胞饮作用。然而，调节胞饮作用的分子机制仍然是一个谜。阐明这些机制正成为一个备受关注的研究领域。例如，为什么中性粒细胞可以通过胞饮作用杀死寄生虫，而中性粒细胞却用吞噬作用来清除已经死亡的寄生虫？因此，胞饮作用是一种重要的生理过程，来自不同生物体的多种细胞在健康和疾病的各种情况下都会使用。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了胞饮作用过程中的基本原理，并讨论了该过程在宿主-病原体相互作用以及免疫和神经系统正常功能中的重要性。
