Inflammation, Infection & Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
Cells. 2021 May 19;10(5):1255. doi: 10.3390/cells10051255.
Trogocytosis is an active process, in which one cell extracts the cell fragment from another cell, leading to the transfer of cell surface molecules, together with membrane fragments. Recent reports have revealed that trogocytosis can modulate various biological responses, including adaptive and innate immune responses and homeostatic responses. Trogocytosis is evolutionally conserved from protozoan parasites to eukaryotic cells. In some cases, trogocytosis results in cell death, which is utilized as a mechanism for antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). In other cases, trogocytosis-mediated intercellular protein transfer leads to both the acquisition of novel functions in recipient cells and the loss of cellular functions in donor cells. Trogocytosis in immune cells is typically mediated by receptor-ligand interactions, including TCR-MHC interactions and Fcγ receptor-antibody-bound molecule interactions. Additionally, trogocytosis mediates the transfer of MHC molecules to various immune and non-immune cells, which confers antigen-presenting activity on non-professional antigen-presenting cells. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the role of trogocytosis in immune modulation.
细胞融合是一种主动过程，在此过程中，一个细胞从另一个细胞中提取细胞碎片，导致细胞表面分子以及膜片段的转移。最近的报道揭示了细胞融合可以调节各种生物学反应，包括适应性和先天免疫反应以及动态平衡反应。细胞融合在从原生动物寄生虫到真核细胞的进化过程中是保守的。在某些情况下，细胞融合会导致细胞死亡，这被用作抗体依赖性细胞毒性（ADCC）的机制。在其他情况下，细胞融合介导的细胞间蛋白质转移导致受体细胞获得新的功能和供体细胞丧失细胞功能。免疫细胞中的细胞融合通常通过受体-配体相互作用介导，包括 TCR-MHC 相互作用和 Fcγ 受体-抗体结合分子相互作用。此外，细胞融合介导 MHC 分子向各种免疫和非免疫细胞的转移，这赋予非专业抗原呈递细胞抗原呈递活性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们对细胞融合在免疫调节中的作用的理解的最新进展。
