Experimental Psychology Unit, Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut Schmidt University / University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2022 Jul;75(7):1272-1288. doi: 10.1177/17470218211050194. Epub 2021 Oct 20.
Do we savour aesthetic experiences less when distracted by interrupted tasks, work rumination, or stress? Evidence suggests that the ability to concentrate on the aesthetic experience is crucial for initiating a processing mode of conscious aesthetic reception that results in more positive emotions. When working memory resources are otherwise occupied, people are less able to concentrate on aesthetic experiences. Aesthetic savouring, in particular-a cognitive form of emotion regulation that is used to maintain and extend aesthetic experiences-is thought to be impaired under those circumstances. We conducted three investigations to examine how conditions that are known to deplete working memory resources affect the savouring of aesthetic experiences. In Study 1, participants rated beauty and savouring felt from encounters with visual stimuli in a controlled laboratory setting after an interruption of a writing task. Aesthetic experience was hampered if participants were interrupted. In two field investigations, we demonstrated that work-related rumination (Study 2, = 329) and stress (Study 3, = 368) are inversely related to the savouring felt from opera, theatre, or cabaret pieces. These findings highlight the importance of concentrating on aesthetic experiences so that the perceiver can fully benefit from them. We also discuss implications for cognitive models of working memory and for health and well-being.
当我们被中断的任务、工作反刍或压力分心时,我们是否会更少地享受审美体验?有证据表明,专注于审美体验的能力对于启动有意识的审美接受的处理模式至关重要,这会导致更积极的情绪。当工作记忆资源被其他事情占据时,人们就不太能够专注于审美体验。审美品味——一种用于维持和扩展审美体验的认知形式的情绪调节——在这种情况下被认为会受到损害。我们进行了三项研究,以检验已知会耗尽工作记忆资源的条件如何影响审美体验的品味。在研究 1 中,参与者在中断写作任务后,在受控的实验室环境中对视觉刺激的美感和品味进行评价。如果参与者被打断,审美体验就会受到阻碍。在两项现场研究中,我们证明了与工作相关的反刍(研究 2,n=329)和压力(研究 3,n=368)与从歌剧、戏剧或卡巴莱作品中感受到的品味呈负相关。这些发现强调了专注于审美体验的重要性,以便感知者能够充分从中受益。我们还讨论了这些发现对工作记忆认知模型以及健康和幸福感的影响。