Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2022 Jan;299:102526. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102526. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
As a result of increasing resistance among pathogens against antibiotics and anti-viral therapeutics, nanomaterials are attracting current interest as antimicrobial agents. Such materials offer triggered functionalities to combat challenging infections, based on either direct membrane action, effects of released ions, thermal shock induced by either light or magnetic fields, or oxidative photocatalysis. In the present overview, we focus on photocatalytic antimicrobial effects, in which light exposure triggers generation of reactive oxygen species. These, in turn, cause oxidative damage to key components in bacteria and viruses, including lipid membranes, lipopolysaccharides, proteins, and DNA/RNA. While an increasing body of studies demonstrate that potent antimicrobial effects can be achieved by photocatalytic nanomaterials, understanding of the mechanistic foundation underlying such effects is still in its infancy. Addressing this, we here provide an overview of the current understanding of the interaction of photocatalytic nanomaterials with pathogen membranes and membrane components, and how this translates into antibacterial and antiviral effects.
由于病原体对抗生素和抗病毒疗法的耐药性不断增加，纳米材料作为抗菌剂引起了当前的关注。这些材料提供了触发功能，以对抗具有挑战性的感染，其基于直接的膜作用、释放离子的影响、光或磁场引起的热冲击，或氧化光催化。在本综述中，我们重点介绍光催化抗菌作用，其中光暴露引发活性氧的产生。这些反过来又会导致细菌和病毒中的关键成分发生氧化损伤，包括脂质膜、脂多糖、蛋白质以及 DNA/RNA。虽然越来越多的研究表明，光催化纳米材料可以实现有效的抗菌作用，但对这种作用的机制基础的理解仍处于起步阶段。为了解决这个问题，我们在这里概述了光催化纳米材料与病原体膜和膜成分相互作用的当前理解，以及这如何转化为抗菌和抗病毒作用。
