Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Chronobiol Int. 2022 Jan;39(1):106-116. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1979995. Epub 2021 Oct 6.
Due to the undeniably morning orientation of the social clock, the evening chronotype can be associated with negative consequences, both at the affective and cognitive levels. Evening-oriented individuals are more susceptible to affective disorders, show poorer educational achievements and consume stimulants more often than morning-oriented individuals. However, little is known about potential factors that may attenuate or amplify these negative emotional consequences of the evening preference. Thus, our aim was to examine whether personality traits interplay with chronotype in predicting depressive symptoms. We assessed the Big Five and the Big Two personality traits, morningness-eveningness and depressive symptoms in an online sample of 913 Polish individuals (468 females, 445 males), aged 18-35 (M = 26.34, SD = 5.15). Eveningness, higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness and lower alpha-stability were associated with higher depressive symptoms. The magnitude of the association between eveningness and depressive symptoms decreased with higher conscientiousness and alpha-stability, as well as with lower neuroticism. In conclusion, high neuroticism, low conscientiousness and low alpha-stability increase the risk of depressive symptoms, particularly among evening chronotypes. The patients' chronotypes and personality traits should be taken into account in both the prevention and diagnostics of depression.
由于社会时钟不可否认的早晨取向，夜间时型可能与情感和认知层面的负面后果有关。与早晨时型的人相比，夜间时型的人更容易患情感障碍，学习成绩更差，并且更频繁地使用兴奋剂。然而，对于可能减轻或放大这种夜间偏好的负面情绪后果的潜在因素知之甚少。因此，我们的目的是研究人格特质是否与时型相互作用，从而预测抑郁症状。我们评估了 913 名波兰在线样本（468 名女性，445 名男性）的大五和大两人格特质、早晨和晚上以及抑郁症状，年龄在 18-35 岁之间（M=26.34，SD=5.15）。夜间型、较高的神经质、较低的尽责性和较低的阿尔法稳定性与较高的抑郁症状有关。夜间型和抑郁症状之间的关联程度随着尽责性和阿尔法稳定性的提高以及神经质的降低而降低。总之，高神经质、低尽责性和低阿尔法稳定性会增加抑郁症状的风险，尤其是在夜间时型的人中。在预防和诊断抑郁症时，应考虑患者的时型和人格特质。
