Dodda Jagan Mohan, Azar Mina Ghafouri, Sadiku Rotimi
New Technologies-Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, Pilsen, 301 00, Czech Republic.
Institute of NanoEngineering Research (INER) and Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria West Campus, Pretoria, 0183, Republic of South Africa.
Macromol Biosci. 2021 Dec;21(12):e2100232. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202100232. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
Multicomponent-based hydrogels are well established candidates for biomedical applications. However, certain aspects of multicomponent systems, e.g., crosslinking, structural binding, network formation, proteins/drug incorporation, etc., are challenging aspects to modern biomedical research. The types of crosslinking and network formation are crucial for the effective combination of multiple component systems. The creation of a complex system in the overall structure and the crosslinking efficiency of different polymeric chains in an organized fashion are crucially important, especially when the materials are for biomedical applications. Therefore, the engineering of hydrogel has to be, succinctly understood, carefully formulated, and expertly designed. The different crosslinking methods in use, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, coordination bonding, and self-assembly. The formations of double, triple, and multiple networks, are well established. A systematic study of the crosslinking mechanisms in multicomponent systems, in terms of the crosslinking types, network formation, intramolecular bonds between different structural units, and their potentials for biomedical applications, is lacking and therefore, these aspects require investigations. To this end, the present review, focuses on the recent advances in areas of the physical, chemical, and enzymatic crosslinking methods that are often, employed for the designing of multicomponent hydrogels.
基于多组分的水凝胶是生物医学应用中公认的候选材料。然而，多组分系统的某些方面，例如交联、结构结合、网络形成、蛋白质/药物掺入等，是现代生物医学研究中具有挑战性的方面。交联类型和网络形成对于多组分系统的有效组合至关重要。以有组织的方式在整体结构中创建复杂系统以及不同聚合物链的交联效率至关重要，尤其是当材料用于生物医学应用时。因此，水凝胶的工程设计必须简洁地理解、精心地制定和专业地设计。目前使用的不同交联方法包括氢键、静电相互作用、配位键和自组装。双网络、三网络和多网络的形成已得到充分证实。缺乏对多组分系统中交联机制的系统研究，包括交联类型、网络形成、不同结构单元之间的分子内键及其生物医学应用潜力，因此这些方面需要进行研究。为此，本综述重点关注常用于设计多组分水凝胶的物理、化学和酶促交联方法领域的最新进展。
