Chen Dongxu, Wang Yunlong, Zhang Yu, Wu Qicheng, Zhao Junlong, Fang Yuliang, Yang Chuiping
Opt Express. 2021 Sep 27;29(20):32464-32473. doi: 10.1364/OE.433710.
A fundamental feature of micro objects is the wave-particle duality which is addressed by Bohr's complementarity principle. To observe the wave and particle behaviours, quantum delayed-choice experiments based on linear optics have been realized at the single-photon level. Since they were performed by using a single photon as the input, repeating measurements were required in order to obtain different experimental data and adjusting experimental parameters was necessary prior to each of measurements. Different from the previous works, we here realize a simulation of quantum delayed-choice experiment through a single shot, which employs a classical intense light beam as the input instead of a single photon. Experimentally, we demonstrate the trade-off between distinguishability and visibility of photons in a two-arm interferometer in an intuitive way by utilizing the finite beam profile of the light. We observe the morphing between wave and particle natures of photons via a single shot of a charged-coupled-device camera. Since the image is captured within the exposure time which is several milliseconds, the phase fluctuation is negligible, and therefore our experimental setup is robust against the noise. This work provides a simple and new route to inspect quantum duality, which does not require adjusting experimental parameters frequently and only needs performing measurement once.
微观物体的一个基本特征是波粒二象性，玻尔的互补原理阐述了这一特性。为了观察波和粒子行为，基于线性光学的量子延迟选择实验已在单光子水平上得以实现。由于这些实验以单光子作为输入，为了获得不同的实验数据需要重复测量，并且在每次测量之前都必须调整实验参数。与之前的工作不同，我们在此通过单次测量实现了量子延迟选择实验的模拟，该实验采用经典强光光束而非单光子作为输入。在实验上，我们利用光的有限光束轮廓，以直观的方式展示了双臂干涉仪中光子的可区分性和可见度之间的权衡。我们通过电荷耦合器件相机的单次拍摄观察到光子的波和粒子特性之间的转变。由于图像是在几毫秒的曝光时间内捕获的，相位波动可忽略不计，因此我们的实验装置对噪声具有鲁棒性。这项工作为检验量子二象性提供了一条简单的新途径，该途径不需要频繁调整实验参数，只需要进行一次测量。
