Chen Xiaojiong, Deng Yaohao, Liu Shuheng, Pramanik Tanumoy, Mao Jun, Bao Jueming, Zhai Chonghao, Dai Tianxiang, Yuan Huihong, Guo Jiajie, Fei Shao-Ming, Huber Marcus, Tang Bo, Yang Yan, Li Zhihua, He Qiongyi, Gong Qihuang, Wang Jianwei
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China.
Nat Commun. 2021 May 7;12(1):2712. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22887-6.
Bohr's complementarity is one central tenet of quantum physics. The paradoxical wave-particle duality of quantum matters and photons has been tested in Young's double-slit (double-path) interferometers. The object exclusively exhibits wave and particle nature, depending measurement apparatus that can be delayed chosen to rule out too-naive interpretations of quantum complementarity. All experiments to date have been implemented in the double-path framework, while it is of fundamental interest to study complementarity in multipath interferometric systems. Here, we demonstrate generalized multipath wave-particle duality in a quantum delayed-choice experiment, implemented by large-scale silicon-integrated multipath interferometers. Single-photon displays sophisticated transitions between wave and particle characters, determined by the choice of quantum-controlled generalized Hadamard operations. We characterise particle-nature by multimode which-path information and wave-nature by multipath coherence of interference, and demonstrate the generalisation of Bohr's multipath duality relation. Our work provides deep insights into multidimensional quantum physics and benchmarks controllability of integrated photonic quantum technology.
玻尔互补性是量子物理学的一个核心信条。量子物质和光子的矛盾波粒二象性已在杨氏双缝（双路径）干涉仪中得到验证。根据可延迟选择的测量装置，物体仅表现出波动性和粒子性，以排除对量子互补性过于简单的解释。迄今为止，所有实验都是在双路径框架内进行的，而研究多路径干涉系统中的互补性具有根本重要性。在此，我们在由大规模硅集成多路径干涉仪实现的量子延迟选择实验中展示了广义多路径波粒二象性。单光子在波和粒子特性之间表现出复杂的转变，这由量子控制的广义哈达玛操作的选择决定。我们通过多模路径信息表征粒子性，通过干涉的多路径相干性表征波动性，并证明了玻尔多路径对偶关系的推广。我们的工作为多维量子物理学提供了深刻见解，并为集成光子量子技术的可控性提供了基准。
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