Williams Richard N, Gantt Edwin E, Fischer Lane
Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States.
Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Sep 20;12:693077. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.693077. eCollection 2021.
This paper will look at the results of what has been termed "the crisis of modernism" and the related rise of postmodern perspectives in the 19th and 20th centuries. It concentrates on what is arguably the chief casualty of this crisis - human agency - and the social science that has developed out of the crisis. We argue that modern and postmodern social science ultimately obviate human agency in the understanding of what it means to be a human being. Attention is given to the contemporary intellectual world and the way in which it has been deeply informed by neo-Hegelian and other postmodern scholarly trends, particularly in accounting for how agency has come to play little role in social science understanding of human action. The paper also offers an alternative conception of human agency to the commonly endorsed libertarian model of free choice. Finally, the paper argues that this view of agency preserves meaning and purpose in human action and counters the pervasive social science worldview that sacrifices agency and meaning to powerful invisible abstractions.
本文将探讨所谓“现代主义危机”的结果以及19世纪和20世纪后现代视角的相关兴起。它聚焦于这场危机中可以说是主要受害者的——人类能动性——以及从这场危机中发展起来的社会科学。我们认为,现代和后现代社会科学最终在理解何为人类时排除了人类能动性。本文关注当代知识界以及它深受新黑格尔主义和其他后现代学术思潮影响的方式,尤其是在解释能动性在社会科学对人类行为的理解中如何逐渐发挥微小作用方面。本文还提供了一种不同于普遍认可的自由意志主义自由选择模式的人类能动性概念。最后,本文认为这种能动性观点保留了人类行为中的意义和目的,并对抗了那种为强大的无形抽象概念而牺牲能动性和意义的普遍社会科学世界观。