在 COVID-19 大流行期间患有医疗状况的个体中的抑郁和焦虑：来自孟加拉国全国性调查的结果。
Depression and anxiety among individuals with medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh.
机构信息
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
出版信息
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2021 Oct;220:103426. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103426. Epub 2021 Oct 2.
BACKGROUND
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately impacts individuals with medical conditions, including with respect to their mental health. The present study investigated depression and anxiety and their correlates among individuals with medical conditions in Bangladesh.
METHODS
Subjects were recruited to participate in an internet-based survey. Data were collected from November 2020 to January 2021 using convenience sampling by a semi-structured questionnaire through online platforms. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine associations applying Bonferroni correction (p < 0.004). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) measured depression and anxiety, respectively.
RESULTS
Nine-hundred-and-seventy-one participants (50.1% male; mean age = 42.29 ± 15.86 years; age range = 18-80 years) with medical conditions were included in final analyses. The most frequently reported conditions were diabetes, hypertension, obesity, heart disease, asthma, and anemia. Estimates of moderate to severe depression and anxiety were 38.9% and 35.2%, respectively. The mean depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher among participants who reported having hypertension, obesity, heart disease, asthma, anemia, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using Bonferroni correction (p < 0.004), depression was associated with being female and a student, having poorer quality of life, poorer health status and greater numbers of co-morbidities, not engaging in physical exercise and tobacco smoking. Anxiety was associated with being female and a student, having lower socioeconomic status, poorer quality of life, poorer health status and greater numbers of co-morbidities, less sleep and tobacco smoking.
CONCLUSIONS
Depression and anxiety are prevalent among individuals with medical conditions and correlate with sociodemographic, quality-of-life and smoking measures. Interventions targeting vulnerable groups should be employed and investigated.
背景
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）对患有包括精神健康状况在内的各种疾病的人群产生了不成比例的影响。本研究调查了孟加拉国患有疾病人群的抑郁和焦虑状况及其相关因素。
方法
本研究通过互联网调查招募了研究对象。研究数据于 2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 1 月间通过便利抽样法，通过在线平台使用半结构式问卷收集。采用多元回归分析，应用 Bonferroni 校正（p<0.004）以确定相关性。患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）和广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD-7）分别用于测量抑郁和焦虑。
结果
最终分析纳入了 971 名患有疾病的参与者（50.1%为男性；平均年龄 42.29 ± 15.86 岁；年龄范围 18-80 岁）。最常见的疾病为糖尿病、高血压、肥胖、心脏病、哮喘和贫血。中重度抑郁和焦虑的估计发生率分别为 38.9%和 35.2%。报告患有高血压、肥胖、心脏病、哮喘、贫血、癌症和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的参与者的抑郁和焦虑评分明显更高。应用 Bonferroni 校正（p<0.004），抑郁与女性和学生身份、生活质量较差、健康状况较差和合并症较多、不进行体育锻炼和吸烟有关。焦虑与女性和学生身份、社会经济地位较低、生活质量较差、健康状况较差和合并症较多、睡眠较少和吸烟有关。
结论
患有疾病的人群中抑郁和焦虑普遍存在，且与社会人口统计学、生活质量和吸烟指标相关。应针对弱势群体实施并调查干预措施。
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