Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Oct;45:363-368. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.018. Epub 2021 Aug 10.
Epidemiological data suggest that moderate habitual coffee consumption associates with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however scarce data exist regarding the association of coffee with subclinical vascular disease (SVD). We aimed at investigating the above association with habitual instant coffee consumption - a widely consumed coffee in Greece-in high CVD risk but free of established CVD adults.
RESEARCH METHODS & PROCEDURES: In a cross-sectional design study we measured: (i) two 24 h dietary recalls to assess coffee consumption, (ii) arterial stiffness, by carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity - (PWV) and carotid compliance, arterial remodeling by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), pressure wave reflection by augmentation index (AIx) and atheromatosis by carotid plaques.
In 1041 participants (55.6% females, 53.6 ± 14.0 years), 30% habitually consumed instant coffee (0.53 ± 1.15 cups/day). Consumption of instant coffee was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (β = -1.19, p = 0.007), AIx (β = -0.71, p = 0.043), PWV (β = -0.22, p = 0.000) and IMT (β = -0.01, p = 0.025), but these associations lost their significance after multiple adjustments for confounders. Instant coffee consumption was positively associated with carotid compliance independent from all possible confounders (β = 0.005, p = 0.003).
Habitual moderate instant coffee consumption is inversely associated with arterial stiffening and potential with arterial remodeling. These favorable vascular associations offer a potential pathophysiological link between habitual coffee consumption and lower incidence of CVD. Future studies are needed to examine the long-term effects of habitual instant coffee consumption on vascular structure and function.
流行病学数据表明，习惯性适度饮用咖啡与降低心血管疾病（CVD）风险有关；然而，关于咖啡与亚临床血管疾病（SVD）的关联，数据很少。我们旨在调查习惯性饮用速溶咖啡（希腊广泛饮用的咖啡）与高 CVD 风险但无既定 CVD 的成年人之间的上述关联。
在一项横断面设计研究中，我们测量了：（i） 两次 24 小时膳食回忆以评估咖啡的摄入量，（ii） 通过颈动脉 - 股动脉脉搏波速度（PWV）和颈动脉顺应性来评估动脉僵硬程度，通过颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）评估动脉重塑，通过增强指数（AIx）评估压力波反射，通过颈动脉斑块评估动脉粥样硬化。
在 1041 名参与者（55.6%为女性，53.6±14.0 岁）中，有 30%习惯性饮用速溶咖啡（0.53±1.15 杯/天）。速溶咖啡的摄入量与收缩压（β=-1.19，p=0.007）、AIx（β=-0.71，p=0.043）、PWV（β=-0.22，p=0.000）和 IMT（β=-0.01，p=0.025）呈负相关，但这些关联在对混杂因素进行多次调整后失去了意义。速溶咖啡的摄入量与颈动脉顺应性呈正相关，独立于所有可能的混杂因素（β=0.005，p=0.003）。
习惯性适度饮用速溶咖啡与动脉僵硬程度呈负相关，与动脉重塑程度呈正相关。这些有利的血管关联为习惯性咖啡饮用与降低 CVD 发病率之间的潜在病理生理学联系提供了依据。需要进一步研究来检验习惯性饮用速溶咖啡对血管结构和功能的长期影响。
