Keezer Richard D, Leib Sophie I, Scimeca Lauren M, Smith Justin T, Holbrook Lindsey R, Sharp Dillon W, Jennette Kyle J, Ovsiew Gabriel P, Resch Zachary J, Soble Jason R
Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Deparment of Psychology, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2024 Jan-Feb;31(1):1-9. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1983575. Epub 2021 Oct 8.
High intelligence (IQ) adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often perform better on neuropsychological tests relative to average IQ adults with ADHD, despite commensurate functional impairment. This study compared adults with ADHD and high versus average IQ on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to specifically assess this proposed masking effect of IQ on verbal learning/memory performance among those undergoing neuropsychological evaluation.
RAVLT performance between patients with ADHD and average versus high Test of Premorbid Function-estimated IQ were compared. Latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) evaluated learning acquisition across trials.
RAVLT total learning, immediate, and delayed free recall performances were significantly better in the high IQ relative to the average IQ group. LGCM showed similar quadradic growth trajectories for both IQ groups. Both groups reported equivalent symptom severity and functional complaints in childhood and adulthood.
Adults with ADHD and high IQ performed normally on a verbal learning/memory test compared to adults with average IQ, who scored 0.5-1.0 standard deviations below the mean. These results suggest a masking of performance-based memory deficits in the context of higher IQ in adults with ADHD, supporting growing evidence that higher IQ masks neurocognitive deficits during the assessment of adults with ADHD.
患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的高智商成年人在神经心理学测试中的表现通常优于患有ADHD的平均智商成年人，尽管他们存在相当程度的功能损害。本研究比较了患有ADHD的高智商和平均智商成年人在雷伊听觉词语学习测验（RAVLT）上的表现，以专门评估智商对接受神经心理学评估者的言语学习/记忆表现的这种假定的掩盖效应。
比较了患有ADHD的患者与病前功能估计智商处于平均水平和高水平的患者在RAVLT上的表现。潜在增长曲线模型（LGCM）评估了各试验中的学习获得情况。
与平均智商组相比，高智商组在RAVLT的总学习、即时和延迟自由回忆表现上显著更好。LGCM显示两个智商组的二次增长轨迹相似。两组在儿童期和成年期报告的症状严重程度和功能主诉相当。
与平均智商的成年人相比，患有ADHD的高智商成年人在言语学习/记忆测试中的表现正常，平均智商的成年人得分比平均分低0.5 - 1.0个标准差。这些结果表明，在患有ADHD的成年人中，较高的智商掩盖了基于表现的记忆缺陷，支持了越来越多的证据表明，在对患有ADHD的成年人进行评估时，较高的智商掩盖了神经认知缺陷。
